The Jamestown Fiasco Commentary

According to Edmund S. Morgan, the majority of problems faced by the first settlers who arrived to Jamestown in the year 1607 were caused by the poor organization within the colony. For example, the settlers were unwilling to grow their own food supply and establish a reliable foundation for future settlers. Despite the abundance of game to hunt, and perfect weather conditions to harvest crops, the settlers would instead dig up corpses, and in one case a man killed his wife and ate her in order to survive the starvation. By the year 1610, only 60 settlers had survived. Morgan’s portrayed the settlers as lazy, who were starving by mere choice. Another problem faced by the first settlers of Jamestown was, according to John Smith, one of the colony leaders, that there were too many men in the grain fields, yet very few of them were working to crop the field. Morgan also points out that since the settlers felt superior to the Indians, they believed it was not their job to harvest the crops for the colonies. Instead, they would spend their time raiding Indian territory, and burning down crops that could have been used to feed the starving settlers back in the colony. Their own governor once sent one of the settlers, George Percy, to destroy the town of the Paspaheghs where he believed Powhaten kept his runaway English man. It is obvious then, and as stated by Morgan, that the reason Jamestown failed to develop as it was expected was caused mainly by the unwillingness of the settlers to work, and to create an organized and stable order for their community.

Nanoelectronics

Abstract: Nanoelectronics refer to the use of nanotechnology on electronic components, especially transistors. Although the term nanotechnology is generally defined as utilizing technology less than 100nm in size, nanoelectronics often refer to transistor devices that are so small that inter-atomic interactions and quantum mechanical properties need to be studied extensively. As a result, present transistors (such as CMOS90 from TSMC or Pentium 4 Processors from Intel) do not fall under this category, even though these devices are manufactured under 90nm or 65nm technology. This paper is all about the use of nanotechnology in electronics The aim of Nanoelectronics is to process, transmit and store information by taking advantage of properties of matter that are distinctly different from macroscopic properties. The relevant length scale depends on the phenomena investigated: it is a few nm for molecules that act like transistors or memory devices, can be 999 nm for quantum dot where the spin of the electron is being used to process information. Microelectronics, even if the gate size of the transistor is 50 nm, is not an implementation of nanoelectronics, as no new qualitative physical property related to reduction in size are being exploited. Introduction: Nanoelectronics: fig no:1 nanoelectronics Nanoelectronics are sometimes considered as disruptive technology because present candidates are significantly different from traditional transistors. Some of these candidates include: hybrid molecular/semiconductor electronics, one dimensional nanotubes/nanowires, or advanced molecular electronics. The sub-voltage and deep-sub-voltage nanoelectronics are specific and important fields of R&D, and the appearance of new ICs operating near theoretical limit (fundamental, technological, design methodological, architectural, algorithmic) on energy consumption per 1 bit processing is inevitably. The important case of fundamental ultimate limit for logic operation is the reversible computing. Although all of these hold immense promises for the future, they are still under development and will most likely not be used for manufacturing any time soon. This is the future f nanotechnology. What is Nanoelectronics? Semiconductor electronics have seen a sustained exponential decrease in size and cost and a similar increase in performance and level of integration over the last thirty years (known as Moore's Law). The Silicon Roadmap is laid out for the next ten years. After that, either economical or physical barriers will pose a huge challenge. The former is related to the difficulty of makin g a profit in view of the exorbitant costs of building the necessary manufacturing capabilities if present day technologies are extrapolated. The latter is a direct consequence of the shrinking device size, leading to physical phenomena impeding the operation of current devices. Quantum and coherence effects, high electric fields creating avalanche dielectric breakdowns, heat dissipation problems in closely packed structures as well as the non-uniformity of dopant atoms and the relevance of single atom defects are all roadblocks along the current road of miniaturization. These phenomena are characteristic for structures a few nanometers in size and, instead of being viewed as an obstacle to future progress might form the basis of post-silicon information processing technologies. It is even far from clear that electrons will be the method of choice for signal processing or computation in the long term – quantum computing, spin electronics, optics or even computing based on (nano-) mechanics are actively being discussed. Nanoelectronics thus needs to be understood as a general field of research aimed at developing an understanding of the phenomena characteristic of nanometer sized objects with the aim of exploiting them for information processing purposes. Specifically, by electronics we mean the handling of complicated electrical wave forms for communicating information (as in cellular phones), probing (as in radar) and data processing (as in computers). Concepts at the fundamental research level are being persued world-wide to find nano-solutions to these three characteristic applications of electronics. One can group these concepts into three main categories: 1. Molecular electronics Electronic effects (e. g. electrical conductance of C60) Synthesis (DNA computing as a buzz word) 2. Quantum Electronics, Spintronics (e. g. quantum dots, magnetic effects) 3. Quantum computing Currently the most active field of research is the fabrication and characterization of individual components that could replace the macroscopic silicon components with nanoscale systems. Examples are molecular diodes , single atom switches or the increasingly better control and understanding of the transport of electrons in quantum dot structures. A second field with substantial activity is the investigation of potential interconnects. Here, mostly carbon nanotubes and self-assembled metallic or organic structures are being investigated. Very little work is being performed on architecture. Furthermore, modeling with predictive power is in a very juvenile stage of development. This understanding is necessary to develop engineering rules of thumb to design complex systems. One needs to appreciate that currently the best calculations of the conductance of a simple molecule such as C60 are off by a factor of more than 30. This has to do with the difficult to model, but non-trivial influence of the electronic contact leads. The situation in quantum computing is somewhat different. The main activities are on theoretical development of core concepts and algorithms. Experimental implementations are only starting. An exception is the field of cryptography (information transportation), where entangled photon states propagating in a conventional optical fiber have been demonstrated experimentally. Approaches to nanoelectronics: Nanofabrication: For example, single electron transistors, which involve transistor operation based on a single electron. Nanoelectromechanical systems also falls under this category. Nanofabrication can be used to construct ultradense parallel arrays of nanowires, as an alternative to synthesizing nanowires individually. Nanomaterials electronics: Besides being small and allowing more transistors to be packed into a single chip, the uniform and symmetrical structure of nanotubes allows a higher electron mobility (faster electron movement in the material), a higher dielectric constant (faster frequency), and a symmetrical electron/hole characteristic. Also, nanoparticles can be used as quantum dots. Molecular electronics: Single molecule devices are another possibility. These schemes would make heavy use of molecular self-assembly, designing the device components to construct a larger structure or even a complete system on their own. This can be very useful for reconfigurable computing, and may even completely replace present FPGA technology. Molecular electronics is a new technology which is still in its infancy, but also brings hope for truly atomic scale electronic systems in the future. This is one of many possible ways in which a molecular level diode / transistor might be synthesized by organic chemistry. A model system was proposed with a spiro carbon structure giving a molecular diode about half a nanometer across which could be connected by polythiophene molecular wires. Theoretical calculations showed the design to be sound in principle and there is still hope that such a system can be made to work. Other approaches: Nanoionics studies the transport of ions rather than electrons in nanoscale systems. Nanophotonics studies the behavior of light on the nanoscale, and has the goal of developing devices that take advantage of this behavior. Nanoelectronic devices: Radios: Nanoradios have been developed structured around carbon nanotubes. Computers: Nanoelectronics holds the promise of making computer processors more powerful than are possible with conventional semiconductor fabrication techniques. A number of approaches are currently being researched, including new forms of nanolithography, as well as the use of nanomaterials such as nanowires or small molecules in place of traditional CMOS components. Field effect transistors have been made using both semiconducting carbon nanotubes and with heterostructured semiconductor nanowires. Energy production: Research is ongoing to use nanowires and other nanostructured materials with the hope of to create cheaper and more efficient solar cells than are possible with conventional planar silicon solar cells. It is believed that the invention of more efficient solar energy would have a great effect on satisfying global energy needs. There is also research into energy production for devices that would operate in vivo, called bio-nano generators. Medical diagnostics: There is great interest in constructing nanoelectronic devices that could detect the concentrations of biomolecules in real time for use as medical diagnostics, thus falling into the category of nanomedicine. A parallel line of research seeks to create nanoelectronic devices which could interact with single cells for use in basic biological research. These devcies are called nanosensors. What needs to be done ? First, nanoelctronics is a wide open field with vast potential for breakthroughs coming from fundamental research. Some of the major issues that need to be addressed are the following: 1. Understand nanoscale transport! (closed loop between theory and experiment necessary). Most experiments and modeling concentrate on DC properties, AC properties at THz frequencies are however expected to be relevant. 2. Develop/understand self-assembly techniques to do conventional things cheaper. This has the future potential to displace a large fraction of conventional semiconductor applications. One needs to solve the interconnect problem and find a replacement of the transistor. If this can be done by self-assembly, a major cost advantage compared to conventional silicon technology would result. 3. Find new ways of doing electronics and find ways of implementing them (e. g. quantum computing; electronics modeled after living systems; hybrid Si-biological systems; cellular automata). Do not try and duplicate a transistor, but instead investigate new electronics paradigms! Do research as a graduate student in this field and lay the foundation for the Intel of the New Millenium. Objective: The last few decades has seen an exponential growth in microchip capabilities due primarily to a decrease in the minimum feature sizes. The resulting doubling of processor speed every 18 months (known as Moores Law) is, however, expected to break down for conventional microelectronics in about 15 years for both fundamental and economic reasons . The search is on, therefore, for new properties, paradigms and architectures to create a novel nanoelectronics. Conculsion: Finally, there is a third direction in nanoelectronics which will receive more attention in the future. This new field is called â€Å"spintronics†. Spintronics is concerned with electromagnetic effects in nanostructures and molecules caused by the quantized angular momentum (the spin) that is asscociated with all fundamental particles like, for example, the electron. The magnetic moment of a particle is directly proportional to its spin. Hence, if we learn to manipulate not only charge, but also spin on a single electron level, information may be stored and transported in the form of quantized units of magnetism in the future. References: 1. Melosh, N. ; Boukai, Akram; Diana, Frederic; Gerardot, Brian; Badolato, Antonio; Petroff, Pierre & Heath, James R. (2003). 2. Aviram, A. ; Ratner, M. A. (1974). â€Å"Molecular Rectifier†. Chemical Physics Letters 29: 277.? 3. Aviram, A. (1988). â€Å"{{{title}}}†. Journal of the American Chemical Society 110: 5687-5692.? 4. Postma, Henk W. Ch. ; Teepen, Tijs; Yao, Zhen; Grifoni, Milena & Dekker, Cees (2001). â€Å"Carbon nanotube single-electron transistors at room temperature†. Science 293 (5527).? :10. 1126/science. 1061797

Single-sex education and coeducation Research Proposal

Single-sex education and coeducation - Research Proposal Example While some researchers have stressed on the advantages and significance of single-sex education as the single most tool of enhancing the educational experience of the students and securing their long term prospects, yet others have vehemently opposed the same, categorizing such a system as essentially reintroducing gender barriers and providing differing treatment to students on the basis of their gender. This paper focuses on the both these aspects from a broad perspective and explores the vast amount of literature available to arrive at a logical conclusion. Although, with respect to any given educational setting, learning outcomes are a consequence of an interplay of various factors – such as, social, emotional, psychological, physical and intellectual and can hardly be construed as resulting from a single variable. The educational policy of the schools, composition of subjects taught, family background of the students etc work collaboratively towards enhancing the student’s overall performance. The present decade has witnessed the resurfacing of the single-sex educational system, which is largely attributed to the transformation in the educational reform policies, and most of all to the rising cynicism about the credibility of co-educational systems with respect to its ability to offer an unbiased learning environment to the students and its approach towards the treatment of issues concerning gender bias. The arguments in favor of and against a particular type of educational system which has helped shaped our perspectives, although wide in number, are more or less, ambiguous both in terms of nature and content, and hence inconclusive. The success or failure of a single-sex education or co-education is dependent on various factors such as the objectives and mission of the institutions, indicators of success used to analyze the phenomenon, historical perspectives, financial constraints, availability of resources etc. among others. Given the fact that all

Issues Facing Gender in the Workplace Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Issues Facing Gender in the Workplace - Essay Example Lets take an example of Canada in which men occupy positions that are supervisory or administrative, full-time, high in pay and status, and that are often in the transport, communications and manufacturing sectors while women are predominantly concentrated in non-standard work, usually clerical and service work in part-time or temporary positions that are characterized by low skill requirements, low pay, and few benefits. Even in professional positions, women continue to be disproportionately represented in "feminine" nursing, teaching, and social science professions. (Amber Gazso, 2004) Gender issues in career development have undergone an absolute information explosion. It is generally observed that career ambition in women is lower than career aspiration among men. Men tend to be more motivated and possess a broaden view than women on work. But it is surprising to see that women's aspirations have substantially increased over the past several decades. No matter what the reason behind women's aspirations is, several environmental factors have been implicated, including cultural and ethnical background. Many researchers have observed, for example, that the relative traditionality of gender role attitudes and occupational plans may limit the level of women's vocational and educational aspirations. It is true that women may experience a number of barriers in preparing for career decisions, like home-career conflict. Women appear to be placing increased importance on goals in the work domain. This change has not detracted from the importance women give to the home and family domain, nor diminished the expected conflicts among roles. As might be expected, this shift has presented women with additional challenges in their career planning. As is true with many other stages of women's career development, entry into the work force seems to be more complex for women than for men, given gender discrimination and stereotyping, and the demands of multiple roles. One aspect of career development more typical to women than men is role exiting and reentry. Rather than going directly from school to work, many women first engage in full-time family roles, returning to school or work later

Companies Act 2006 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Companies Act 2006 - Essay Example The new law hopes to reduce regulation that will allow companies to run their companies better and even cheaper. The changes brought about by the new law will result to savings of 250 million per year for businesses, inclusive of 100 million for the small businesses (http://www.bytestart.co.uk/ content/ legal/35_2/companies-act-guide.shtml) The new law brought anxiety to company secretaries in private firms because of possible abolition of the position. As part of the deregulation measures of the United Kingdom government, the requirement to have a company secretary is removed such that private companies can abolish the company secretary position starting April 6, 2008. A private company, however, has the option to retain its company secretary. The registrar of companies must be informed of the appointment of a company secretary to a private company and recorded in the company's register of secretaries. The private company secretary will perform the same obligations as a public company secretary as stipulated in the Companies Act 2006. ... Small private companies, on the other hand, may likely abolish the company secretary since the position is just created to be able to comply with the legal and administrative requirements of the old company law (Thomas, 2007). The position is often occupied by the spouse or a friend of management or a director of the company. Abolition of the company position in a small private company will reduce their operating costs. The company secretary of a small private company has limited administrative work and is often combined with other roles such as "advising the directors on legal matters, overseeing board papers, and generally acting as the conscience of the company" (http://www.netlawman.co.uk/info/role-duties-company-secretary.php). For large private companies, the company secretary has enormous responsibilities and the company is largely dependent on the expertise of a company secretary. With the implementation of the Companies Act 2006, the company secretary has to study the new law carefully, implement the changes and make sure that the company complies with the requirements of the law. The Companies Act 2006 includes significant changes of the old company law that was in force in the past 20 years. Company secretaries are now busy preparing their companies internally to iron out the processes to facilitate smooth company compliance. Based on the calendar of implementation of the new law, significant portions of the New Act were implemented on October 1, 2007 and April 6, 2008, with the remaining provisions to be in force by October 1, 2008 up to October 1, 2009 (Goold, 2008). According to Bridget Salaman of the Institute of Chartered Secretaries and Administrators, company secretaries anticipate increase i n minute-taking requirements since

College is worth Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

College is worth - Essay Example In addition to that, these protagonist claim that college graduates have got advanced interpersonal skills, have children who are healthier, live longer and have even proved their capacity to accomplish key milestones (Richard, 2012). On the other hand individuals against college contend the fact that debt arising out of college loans is very high and therefore hinders graduates from starting early savings for their retirement, getting married and purchasing a house. They further argue that several successful people never finished their college education and that several jobs particularly trades jobs, necessarily do not need college degrees (Bennett, 2013). Those are not only the underlying issues though. Thus the presence of highly successful individuals who dropped out of college such as Steve Jobs, Bill Gates and most recently Mark Zuckerberg weighs heavily on young individuals’ decisions on whether or not to attend college education. Similarly some experts make arguments that going to college have literally become less about studying actual skills and more about basically paying to get a degree. Meanwhile the debate about college education is quite controversial and is on many forums of the American Society and expected to go on in foreseeable

The Potential Effects of a Large Earthquake Essay

The Potential Effects of a Large Earthquake - Essay Example The essay "The potential effects of a large earthquake" discusses the possible areas to move in, their main good and disruptive factors. Earthquake hazard mapping is mainly used in California in efforts to ensure that there is effective land use. There has been an awareness on seismic safety to both public and private investors to prevent building or occupying areas with active faults. The first location we are discussing is 3700 Perie lane, San Jose which is near San Andrea’s faults. The information which is going to guide us in understanding better the area and its activities based on maps and geotechnical data from geological investigations, technical reports and reports from the geological survey regarding earthquakes and liquefaction potential brought about by landslide zones. The stability of the 3700 Perie lane, San Jose is mainly affected by the material type, vegetation cover, inclination and moisture content. There are numerous types of landslides in the area of San Jose and the major one in this area is the rock slide, translational and rotational, earth slide, complex slides, earth slides, debris slides and rock fall. Different Zones along Perie |lane, San Jose are high influenced by either geological or soil conditions which have a great impact on the development of the area. This city is well known as the most active in earthquakes and tsunamis by seismologist and geologist. A regular occurrence of Tsunamis along San Andrea Faults is associated with the crustal movement along the active fault zones.

Water and oil separator Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Water and oil separator - Essay Example Water and Oil separators that are properly, designed, operated and installed can provide a treatment system to be used in handling of oily wastewater. This can help prevent any entry of an unacceptable levels of contamination to either a sanitary sewer system or storm sewer (Grigsby 54). However, water and oil separators are never designed to help separate high concentration of oils or solids from water such as large quantity of sludge or oil that is poured or spilled in the wash bay drain. It is, therefore, important for the people tasked with discharging wastewater into water and oil separators to understand their principle of operation, and their limitations. This will help prevent pollution of the environment. This paper discusses the common types of water oil separator systems. The focus is on their principle of operation, and the common properties of typical water and oil wastewater streams. Currently, there are two types of oil water separators (U.S. Army Aberdeen Test Centre, 27). These two exist in varying designs. The first design, which is also the oldest, is called the conventional/gravity separation or API separator, and the coalescing design or parallel corrugated plate. The conventional/gravity design provides a certain tank width, depth and length that gives a wide, and quiet spot within the pipeline. This times for the oil to rise. This API design depends on the large water volume and can provide about 100 ppm discharge oil concentration on a 150-micron droplet size. This correlates with the size of the tank, which can potentially hold 5 times the size on sized coalescing separator. On the other hand, the coalescing design or parallel corrugated plate has a large surface area that is in contact with coalescing plates (the waste stream). This design has a coalescing media, which causes the size of the tank to reduce. It also increases efficiency of its performance. The separation process

Private Detectives and the Present Legal System Essay

Private Detectives and the Present Legal System - Essay Example Sam Spade and Sherlock Holmes, the main detective characters in The Maltese Falcon and A Study in Scarlet respectively, are strangers in the formal legal system, but proved to be successful in solving the puzzles behind mysterious cases that they were assigned. Aside from their status as private citizens acting as detectives, their keen eyes for details and a healthy dose of skepticism proved to be a perfect mix in their ability to solve cases. Sam Spade, a detective who is known for his scornful derision and passion for his work, had solved a mystery case regarding the death of his comrade, Archer and an initial target of their mission, an Englishman named Thursby. Thursby’s and Archer’s deaths remained a mystery even for Spade himself because he did not fully know Miss Wonderly, the woman who hired his and Archer’s services using a faked story. At the course of the novel, the mystery was revealed when Wonderly, whose real name is Brigid O’Shaughnessy, killed Thursby herself. Initially, Spade was suspected as the culprit of Thursby’s death according to law enforcers. He calmly denied, but not vehemently, and continued to engage in undercover activities himself in order to solve the puzzle. It is in this case that being an outside agent from the formal legal system can assure a success in solving crimes because one no longer has to go through a strict organizational policies and protocols. Spade did some meet-ups with the people involved in the crime, and monetary amounts are not always questioned in terms of its moral value and appropriateness under the laws in a legal system (Hammett). Sherlock Holmes also proves to be successful in his job being a consulting detective.

Central Bank and Monetary Policy Research Paper

Central Bank and Monetary Policy - Research Paper Example The main reason why countries create their own central banks is to ensure control of their currency. The central bank is the only authority that can print money and such responsibility cannot be given to anyone else as the consequence may turn out to be disastrous. The role of the central bank evolved over time and the literature in monetary theory points out that central banks work to reduce the impact of economic fluctuations and to minimize volatility in the financial system. They pursue five objectives to ensure economic and financial stability. The goals of central banks are generally specified as price stability, stable real growth, financial stability, interest rate and exchange rate stability (Mankiw, 2011; Geraats, 2006, pp. 37-40). The main goal of this research project is to help understand how the central bank manages and controls the quantity of money in the economy and its relation to price stability. It also brings out the main tasks of central banks and the challenge they face in conducting monetary policy. Objectives of Central Bank: The major role of the central bank of any country in the world is to monitor the financial structure of the respective country. Central banks also control the volume of financial transactions which are made by all other banks in the economy. These other banks include commercial banks, other non-banking financial institutions. The most important objective of the central bank is to manage the amount of financial resources of the economy and thus to maintain the stability in the economy. This stability is maintained in the economy by the central bank of the country in respect to stability of prices of goods and services, stability of financial transactions and prices of these transactions. Also stability is required to be achieved by the central bank in terms of movements in nominal as well as real interest rates and stability in exchange rates. Finally, the most important role of the central bank is to maintain stabi lity in the real growth of the economy (Mankiw, 2011). Central banks of different countries have long been correlated with secrecy. Even in regard to the present trend toward higher level of transparency of different monetary policies, it can be said that, this has not dispersed the inscrutability with which all central bankers often argue. Various researchers have provided an economic explanation for different roles of oblique communication. Under the conceivable assumption that there exists imperfect common knowledge or information about the level of transparency, all economic outcomes have been decided by both actual as well as perceived transparency. It has been shown, in numerous researchers, that it can be helpful to merge actual transparency with the perceived opacity. The optimal or most efficient communication strategy for the central bank is related to the process of providing clarity about the target level of inflation. But the role of the central is also related to the p rocess of providing information with recognized ambiguity about the target of prevailing as well as expected output-gap and supply shocks. Therefore, â€Å"the central bank benefits from sustaining transparency misperceptions, which helps to explain why transparency of monetary policy has not eliminated the mystique of central bank speak† (Geraats, 2006, p. 38; Blanchard, 2007, pp. 69-75). Balance sheet of central bank: The balance sheet of the central consists of assets and liabilities.

Frankenstein and Bladerunner Essay Example for Free

Frankenstein and Bladerunner Essay How do Frankenstein and Bladerunner reflect their Composers context? Mary Shelley’s Gothic Romantic novel Frankenstein and Ridley Scott’s Science Fictions Noir film Blade Runner both explore similar ideas however relative to the context in which they were both made. Both Scott and Shelley use their texts as a cautionary tale, warning humanity of their inevitable downfall through greed and the exploitation of nature, and the influence science is slowly obtaining over the role of religion. Through the use of visual and auditory techniques, Scott demonstrates how nature and religion are absent in a world overrun by consumerism and technology while Shelley similarly uses imagery and allusions to hint at the consequences humanity will suffer if they try to better God through the misuse of science and the exploitation and nature. Humanity’s rejection of the natural world in favour of the unnatural pursuit of technology to prolong life is a major concern in both Shelley’s Frankenstein and Scott’s Blade Runner. In the world of Frankenstein, nature is an important aspect of a person’s life and beliefs. Shelley conveys Victor’s desire to conquer nature through the use of his narration such as â€Å"new species would bless me as its creator†¦many happy and excellent natures would owe their being to me. † The monster is then used as a metaphor for the inevitable consequences of the exploitations of nature. She therefore uses Frankenstein as a warning against the rising industrial revolution. Similarly Scott uses Blade Runner to warn society against the exploitation or nature through the rise of consumerism in the 1980s. The long shot of a dark dystopian Los Angeles after the opening credits juxtaposed with jets of fire from oil refinery towers warns the viewer of the consequences of consumerism through the exploitation of nature. There is also a lack of natural imagery such as plants and animals seen in Blade Runner and the use of chiaroscuro lighting gives the world a very artificial tone indicating to the audience that nature has been destroyed.

Reflective Account Essay Example for Free

Reflective Account Essay On an occasion at work I was aware of a staff member communicating very negatively, for example sighing and tutting and general negativity. Supervision was due so it was brought into meeting that last had concerned had noticed a change in the person’s general attitude, I asked if there was a specific reason and was told there was not. Although they agreed that they were being negative. We discussed the workload and it was decided it was not that. It was mentioned by the staff member that they were feeling a little unsure of how to deal with a service user who had dementia and was unpredictable and seemed to have taken a dislike to the staff member . We discussed at length the way forward and I arranged for some training in challenging behaviour and dementia. The staff member realised she could not avoid the service user and that if she had mentioned her concerns sooner the problem would not have escalated. She tried to hide her feelings but they were shown in a different way. I agreed to mentor and support the staff member with the service user helping her to find an appropriate approach, the service user was feeding on the negative behaviour of the staff .In a few weeks the situation was improved undoubtedly and the staff member is more positive and no longer showing any sign of negativity. I recorded everything we had discussed and we both signed it. At the following supervision the staff had been on a training workshop and was awaiting further news of more. She mentioned previously that she felt it was a weakness in her that is why she had tried to cover it up but since our discussion and my ongoing support she would never hesitate to mention any concerns she had in the future. I felt that we needed to improve activity at the Centre; the service users are a mixed group (physically and mentally frail) so I needed to find something they could all do and enjoy. I signed myself onto three one day courses with another staff member. The courses were all different but aimed at dementia sufferers. The first one ‘Bringing stories to Life ‘, I thought was going to be about putting together a Life Story, I could not have been more wrong! The ice-breaker at the beginning of the workshop was letter bingo, it involved walking around so I have adapted this so that my service users are seated, we use sets of the 26 letters of the alphabet and the service user chooses a letter and then gives me a word beginning with that letter before answering a quiz question, which I write down and while they are playing two alike trying to match up. I take the words and make up a little story or poem. The feedback from that activity has been very positive. Also from the workshop which involved using props to tell a story I have been able to do this activity several times? Using the props seems to help the quietest of the service user to join in and the feedback discussion afterwards have become very enjoyable to all. The second workshop was about using pictures (not personal) to story tell. Again this activity has been very successful, there was one or two people who were unsure but has we progressed they too joined in. The picture is given to the service user and they are asked open ended questions about it and everything is validated. Before we start we decide who is going to scribe and afterwards that person will firstly read back what as been said and ask if the service users would like to add anything? When everybody is satisfied the scriber will type the ‘story ‘ up and each service user gets a copy , we keep a copy in a folder for all to look at and we also pin a copy too our notice board . The third workshop was along the same line but using senses to make a story/poem, again we have done this a couple of times. We used a bottle of water some soil in a bag, cotton wool, leaves and bubbles, we pass the items around the room one at a time and ask the service user to say the first word they thought of when looking / touching or smelling the item .one thing we came up against was that the service users said the same thing as the previous person, so we are trying to adapt this activity further. From all three workshops I and my staff member redeveloped our armchair exercise which we do daily. We had heard the service users discuss how they were bored with doing the same exercise week after week and listening to the same music disc. So we put together some more upbeat music and sat and compiled our version of seated exercise ,using the same safe exercise taking advice from one of our other services ‘Ageing Well’ who had spent several weeks showing us seated exercise . Of course before we started any of the new activities we had a meeting with all the staff who were going to be involved. We discussed what we had learnt from each workshop and asked for feedback from the staff, some of them felt unsure about using the props and pictures, so me and the staff member who came with me agreed to lead the first one, we arranged a date and agreed on a theme for it and it was decided we would use props for the first one .I was to lead and the staff member was going to scribe. Before we started we went to each service user and asked them to sign a consent form to allow us to take photographs. This would allow another staff to get a little involved with out feeling to unsure .the discussion /feedback with the service users was great ,they were still talking about how much they had enjoyed themselves when they were going home. They were excited when I told them that there would be photographs to look at the following week. I discussed with the staff the following day how they felt about the activity and was pleased they were all positive. I continued to share taking the lead with the staff member who attended the training with me for several sessions to enable the other staff to be able to learn from us. Although with all the activities there is no right or wrong way. That is why we validate everything that is said. The change in the majority of service users is a pleasure to see, even the quietest person as become much more vocal and willing to join in with most of the activities we do. One person in particular who is hard of hearing and registered blind joins in, when in the past he as chosen not to. He still talks about certain themes we have done the story telling to, for example at Halloween we took the opportunity to do this theme, we used pumpkins and plastic spiders, I passed these things around the room and we used ‘The Monster Mash’ song to do some light movement to music before using props to make up a story relevant to the theme. I asked the service user to describe the spider, for example what he thought it was felt like and he got really into it and even had a photograph taken. Since then I have heard him telling others about ‘the day we let him hold the Tarantula ‘and how he danced to ‘spooky music’. Changing what we do and the way we do it as had a very positive effect all the way round. We still do the other activities for example Bingo, dominoes etc.During our action plan meeting we discuss which service users are in the centre that day and adapt our activity to suit, of course what we plan for the day may change if we ask the service users they may want to do another thing so if we can we will accommodate the majority. Usually the day is spent doing group work but if needed we do offer one to one.

Crime Prevention Through Environmental Design Criminology Essay

Crime Prevention Through Environmental Design Criminology Essay Traditionally, crime prevention worked with organized and mechanical strategies. Organized strategies are considered the use of people like law enforcement, patrol, neighborhood watch teams and security personnel to control crime. The mechanical strategies traditionally are target hardening strategies. This includes anything that is electronic and mechanical like alarm systems, camera systems and locks to deny access to an offender. However, this traditional approach overlooks how the environment can provide opportunities. CPTED uses organized and mechanical approaches as a secondary model. Its primary focus is on natural design strategies. A natural approach enhances safety without creating a prison like environment while reinforcing an atmosphere of comfort. What makes a particular location prone to opportunities for crime? Why does this location jeopardize the safety of people? Why here? These are all questions crime prevention through environmental design asks when problem solving. For example, say there is a park in a nearby neighborhood that is known for drug sales, thefts and assaults. The park has four different entrances from the neighborhood, no fencing, low lighting, and no upkeep of shrubs and trees. What can CPTED bring to the table in response to this problem? The city installs a fence around the park to create a barrier between public and private property. A gate is also included beyond the fence with a camera attached for extra surveillance. They limit the amount of entrances into the park down to one which limits access control into the park. Lighting gets revamped with higher wattage bulbs. Lastly, a maintenance crew must come in a certain number of times a month to keep up the shrubs and trees to clean appearance. As a r esult to these changes, we now have better access control (limited entrances), better natural surveillance from residents (maintained shrubs to see in the park), and better territoriality towards to park to show its a public area (fencing). The residents can now see into the park, report a crime when they see one and perpetrators will now think twice about committing crime for fear of being observed. Asking the question why here? shows that opportunities for crime can arise due to environmental conditions, the place and how that place is used (Zahm, 2007). CPTED contains three categories of actors. These actors involve normal users, abnormal users, and observers (Paxton). These actors are people who relate one way or another to a space. The sole purpose of CPTED is to design an environment where normal users can use a space as desired while abnormal users are influenced to move past it (Paxton). This design also makes it easier for observers to monitor the space around them and report criminal acts (Paxton). There are four basic overlapping principles of CPTED as shown in the previous example: natural surveillance (will I be seen), natural access control (can I get in and out), territoriality (does anyone care what happens here), and maintenance. The first principle of CPTED is natural surveillance which uses design to see and be seen. This concept takes advantage of the fear of abnormal users of being observed, recognized and detained (). This is turn, reinforces the feeling of safety and security to the user. Criminals dont want to be seen which is why natural surveillance is a great for keeping them under surveillance. Different design features play a part in increasing visibility of a property or building. Normally, surveillance is done by law enforcement patrols and camera systems within buildings and businesses. That is the traditional approach which takes a back seat to CPTED. Therefore, natural surveillance can be accomplished by several techniques. Strategically placing of windo ws, lighting and landscaping will heighten the normal users ability to observe abnormal users (White, 2000). Natural surveillance can also take the role of normal users taking note of strangers (abnormal users). Environments need to be designed where normal users have ample amount of chances to go about their day while observing the space around them (Crime). For example, a small day care installs windows on the back wall that way they can monitor the children playing in the playground while they make lunches inside. Windows are very important because they allow you to see the outside perimeter of your space as well. From inside your home or business you can look out the window to observe homes and business across the street (observers). These observers can watch parking areas and sidewalks for unusual behavior. Additionally, window surveillance only works when landscaping outside it well-kept and lighting is good. If you have bushes to high near your window it will provide offenders with places to hide. It blocks the view of non-abusers targeting your space. Outside landscaping needs to be maintained so observation can happen. Convenience stores that have a bunch of clutter and signs on the ir windows are obstructing the view to outside the store. Robbers will target that store since the normal users did not see them coming. Lighting is very important for natural surveillance. Efficient illumination is essential for people to see and be seen. Secondly, the placement of lighting is vital to observation and the reduction of fear of crime. Lighting must be focused on roadways and possible entrapment areas like restrooms and vacant spaces under stairwells (National Crime Prevention Council, 2003). When lights are used for the night time the placement can make or break whether an offender will be observed. All paths, signs, walkways, exits, entrances and so on should be properly lit up or opportunities of crimes may arise. Being able to maintain lighting is the glue to the effectiveness of visibility. All of those overgrown landscapes of flowers, bushes and trees that are blocking the light need to be clipped. (National Crime Prevention Council, 2003) Lastly, light bulbs break, die and get vandalized. Maintaining that those bulbs are constantly replaced and fixed will show the offender that this place is well taken care of. This place is constantly under observation so they will be caught. Without maintenance of lighting, offenders will come take advantage of that chance to commit criminal activity. Natural Surveillance tries to deter criminals by planning various ways for people to observe possible criminal behavior. In a review of studies relating to residential burglary, Sorenson (2003) observes how burglars avoid targets that are readily overlooked by neighbors and/or passers-by. Properties with low levels of lighting at night, high fences, or thick shrubs can provide concealment opportunities for burglars particularly when close to points of access such as windows and doors (Weisel, 2002)   (Paul, Saville Hiller). When natural surveillance is employed to an utmost extent, it increases the chances to prevent crime by making the offender clearly obvious to a normal users or police (Crime). The second principle is natural access control which is a strategy used to control access to an area, deny access, reduce crime opportunity and to create a perception of risk in criminals. The National Traumatic Occupational Fatalities project reported that during 1980-1985, 13 percent of all occupational fatalities were a result of homicide (Thomas, 1992). Another study done is 1992 on injury and fatality found evidence of OVC in employment establishments (Thomas, 1992). The majority of industries that are highly vulnerable to OVC have one thing in common: employment activities occur in what is usually an unsecured environment. Control access by creating both real and perceptual barriers to entry and movement. The environment must offer cues about who belongs in a place, when they are supposed to be there, where they are allowed to be while they are there, what they should be doing, and how long they should stay (Zahm, 2007). Barriers identify property lines (public to private) and prevent trespassers. Thus, natural access control is accomplished by using fences, gates, signage, pavements, lighting and landscaping. Fences and gates are real barriers where signs, lighting, landscaping and pavements are perceptual barriers. Both types of barriers protect the outside of a space by guaranteeing that unauthorized persons dont get inside and create a perception to offenders that there is a risk in selecting the target. An example of a real barrier would be having a fence around an entire house. This fence relays a message to abnormal users, that the home is restricted. It also shows territoriality that the people who live there care. By strategically placing entrances, exits, gates, and fencing, to control or limit access, natural access control occurs (Lancaster Community Safety Coalition). In the example from earlier, multiple entrances into the park were replaced by a single entrance that includes fencing and a gate. On the other hand, when moving outside private property to public or semi-public spaces, utilizing access control devices needs more care (Iranmanesh Etaati, 2009). Planned positioning of signs giving information, barriers, landscaping and lighting can direct foot and vehicular traffic in ways that decreases criminal opportunities (Iranmanesh Etaati, 2009). This is where perceptual barriers could be used to meet the goal of access control. These barriers consist of: signs, paths, walkways, paving surfaces, or anything that announces the uniqueness of an area. All of these barriers guide movement throughout an area. Signs guide movement and provide who the intended users should be. So if a sign says employees only then abnormal uses will be easy to recognize. Public buildings should have paths going to desired location within the space that way people are not wandering and come upon an opportunity to commit a crime. The best example of perceptual barriers is Disney Land. They have c olored roads directing you from one ride to another ride or to the restroom and food court. There is a path for wherever you need to be. The reason for a psychological barrier is that if a target appears difficult, it will become unattractive to potential criminals (Iranmanesh Etaati, 2009). When contemplating how you want to control access of your space, the importance of surveillance should not be forgotten. These strategies overlap so you cant think about one without the other. These two concepts can occasionally conflict with one another. For example, a low- level row of thorny bushes under the windows circulating a house. The low level of the bush results in good surveillance while the thorns effectively reduce access control. In addition, fencing defines boundary lines that deter and delay intruders. When installing a fence, it should be a type of fencing where you can see through it. Therefore, you are preventing access control by adding a fence but also keeping up with natural surveillance. In addition, the height of the fence can make a big difference as well. If you have the fence too high, you wont be able to see past the fence to what is on the other side. The third principle is territorial reinforcement which uses design to show ownership. The design should provide cues about who belongs in a place and what they are allowed to do (Zahm, 2007). The design features should clearly show uniqueness towards the home or building. Potential offenders will look at the territory and what they see will determine whether they will offend there or not. There are many communities where places do not look like they are cared for. It could be because of the lack of maintenance on unkempt landscaping, or dark lighting. Whatever the reason, there is a clear message that this place is unimportant. If the owner does not care why should outsiders? Abnormal uses take this as an opportunity to conduct criminal activity. A study by Brown and Bentley (1993) showed how some burglars used territoriality to evaluate risk (Perkins and Taylor, 1996). Eliminating any unassigned spaces and ensuring all spaces have a clearly defined and designated purpose, are routinely cared-for and monitored is also a component of territoriality (Paul, Saville Hill er). There are many things to consider when displaying territorial reinforcement. Territorial methods include natural surveillance and natural access strategies. Each place should be unique in who belongs there. We need to keep abnormal users out of these normal user areas. A company sign is something that shows uniqueness to a company as well as establishes ownership towards that building. Other reinforcements include: landscaping, flags, fences and pavements. All of these things express proprietorship and the vested interest the owner has over their property. Ownership creates and environment where strangers stand out in the crowd. Using design structures like fences and landscape you can not only show ownership but also define property lines and zones (public, private, semi-public). The use of front porches creates a transitional area between the Public Street and private home. These zones are part of the use of defensible space which was devised by Oscar Newman in 1972 (Remy). As described in his book Design Guidelines for Creating Defensible Space, defensible space is a residential environment whose physical characteristics, building layout and site plan function to allow inhabitants themselves to become key agents in ensuring their security. All of these functions are not intended to stop anyone from actually intruding into a person or companies space. The point of territoriality is to convey a message to abnormal users that the property belongs to somebody and they should stay away. For buildings and businesses it sends a message of fear to offenders. Territorial reinforcement mixed with natural surveillance and access control, encourages more awareness by normal users in protecting their territory. Maintenance is the last principle of CPTED which brings together all the other principles. It relates to the neighborhoods sense of admiration and territoriality (National Crime Prevention Council, 2003). The more rundown an area, the more likely it is to attract unwelcome behaviors. This is because it seems like no one is concerned about what goes on. However, if the area is well preserved it will demote the area as a target because it shows people are concerned with their area. The maintenance and image is the main influence on whether a space is targeted. This is also known as the Broken Windows theory by James Wilson and George Kelling. The physical appearance of a place can enhance or detract how its community sees it as well as outsiders. Moreover, its purpose is to heighten the visibility of natural surveillance by keeping trees and bushes trimmed and to make sure outdoor lighting is all working for the night time. Lastly, the upkeep of your access controls (no chipped paint o n the fences) will show that the community and residents care about this area and what happens to it. Home security measures is related to burglary victimization. Burglars are rational actors. When these offenders make the decision to strike, they calculate the costs against the benefits. Home security measures increase these costs and decrease the probability of victimization (OShea, 2000).  The study surveyed people (victims and non-victims of home burglaries) on security measures that they use. When asked if they have a neighborhood watch the victims category was .9 while the non-victim was .30. Does at least one neighbor have a clear view of their front porch showed that the victims had .68 and the non-victim was .89. The same question was asked about their back porch and the victims were a .38 while the non-victims were a .65. (OShea, 2000). CPTED strategies should be incorporated when designing and securing a business, institution and home. When designing a business/home you need to ask yourself questions about security. What is the purpose of the space? How do I make it clea r that I own this and will take good care of it (CPTED principles)? Lastly, when the design is done check it over to see if the design reinforces the purpose of your space (Iranmanesh Etaati, 2009). Crime prevention through environmental design assesses crime problems and the various ways that the environment presents opportunities for criminal behavior. This crime prevention strategy finds the problem areas and strives to eliminate or reduce opportunities. Changing several characteristics of a space and how that place is seen is how CPTED tries to eliminate and reduce opportunities. CPTED is not just utilized for businesses but for buildings, landmarks and neighborhoods. Physical security was always based on target hardening; make the location hard to get inside through barriers and mechanical objects. However, they never took into consideration that those barriers need to be maintained for it to actually work. http://www.usak.org.tr/istanbul/files/cr.pr.environmental.design.pdf Effectiveness of Crime prevention through environmental design in reducing robberies

TV Violence :: essays research papers

The average American child watches an average of three to four hours of television daily. Over a year’s time that add up to about 12,000 violent acts witnessed on television (Television†¦Children). After a child has witnessed a violent program, they tend to act different. Parents need to be able to distinguish between dramatic or imaginative play and imitation. During dramatic play children create new and varied roles which represent different experiences in their lives. However, during imitative play children simply repeat stereotyped roles from the screen, often repeating scripts or sound bites from the television. In drama play language may be made up, use codes, and special names. Numerous studies have been done in the last thirty years about the problems with viewing programs that contain violence. The majority of research done has been on television/cartoon violence; focusing on how viewing violence causes aggressive behavior in the viewer (The Effects†¦Violence). One study, done by Athena Huston, Ph.D., used 100 preschool children. Half of them were males and the other half females. The little children were observed before and after they viewed violent and non-violent shows. The group that viewed the violence were more likely to hit out at their playmates, argue, disobey class rules, and were less willing to wait for things and turns than the group that viewed non-violent material (Violence and Television). It seems that children who view large amounts of violence on television are likely to become desensitized to all kinds of violence-televised or real, and more likely to behave in aggressive or harmful ways towards others (Violence on Television). Ch ildren become physiologically aroused and express impulses during and after seeing it on television. For example, the Power Rangers, Batman, and many other cartoons show fighting is good. The characters â€Å"beat up† the bad guys and get praised for doing so. While the child is watching he/she sometimes acts out what is being seen. No one dies in these shows, however, the wrong idea about fighting and violence is being taught to our kids (Television Violence). A study investigated the effects of the â€Å"Mighty Morphin Power Rangers† on aggression. It found that young children in a group who watched a televised episode committed seven times more aggressive acts in a two minute play period than did a control group (Television†¦Children:Boyatizis,1995). As children grow they are able to distinguish between fantasy and reality. This usually happens around the age of seven or eight.

Little Woman, Small World Essay -- Literary Analysis

In a small world, there is not much choice for a simple woman. Throughout history, women often are portrayed as the weaker sex. As a result of this assumption, women try to disassociate themselves from this custom and be more independent with their lives. One of John Steinbeck’s most accomplished short stories, â€Å"The Chrysanthemums,† a story which concerns a married couple and examines Elisa’s dissatisfaction with her life. The story takes place in the Salinas Valley of California in December at Henry Allen’s ranch in the foothills. Elisa is a woman whose life is narrow, unexciting and limited in what she can become by geography and opportunity. She is feeling trapped in a life of servitude and is suppressing a yearning for more. Therefore, Elisa takes a bold step towards her own providence. In â€Å"The Chrysanthemums,† by Steinbeck, Elisa is portrayed as feminine, subservient, and conservative, but through the reality is that she is instead a masculine, frustrated, and sensual being who wants more out of life than her husband Henry offers her. Her portrayal shows her dissatisfaction in life. First characteristic of Elisa is found in a traditional feminine role, working in her garden; however, the narrator describes her appearance using words associated with manliness. For example, her gardening clothes conceal her femininity with a â€Å"man’s black hat†¦clodhopper shoes†¦a big corduroy apron†¦and heavy leather gloves† (460). Her description does not focus on her feminine characteristics, and she could easily be mistaken as a man from the distance. Elisa is gardening and tending her flowers which symbolize of her femininity, but contradicting this femininity is her strength. Steinbeck illustrates Elisa’s energy as she works in the garden t... ... Works Cited Akers, Tim, ed. Vol. 6. Short Stories for Students. Detroit: The Gale Group, 1999. 59-82. Print. Mazzeno, Laurence W., ed. Vol. 2. Masterplots The Big Sky- The Confidential Clerk. 4th ed. Pasadena California: Salem Press, 2011. 1011-12. Print. Palmerino, Gregory J. "Steinbeck's 'The Chrysanthemums'." Explicator 62.3 (2004): 164-167. MLA International Bibliography. EBSCO. Claire Carney Library. Schultz, Jeffrey D, and Luchen Li. Critical Companion to John Steinbeck: A Literary Reference to His Life and Work. New York: Facts On File, 2005. Print. Steinbeck, John. "The Chrysanthemums." Literature Approaches to Fiction, Poetry, and Drama. Ed. Robert DiYanni. Second ed. Boston: New York University, 2008. 459-66. Print. Timmerman, John H. The Dramatic Landscape of Steinbeck's Short Stories. Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 1990. 173-79. Print.

Reality based tv... or not? :: essays research papers

When it comes to reality based television shows, the only thing I want to know is where they get the word â€Å"Reality†. The reason is that we only see what they want us to see, so we are not really seeing the big picture. (Dan Johnson) There is some controversy over reality based television shows. One thing that they are able to do is give you a chance to see how ordinary people in certain situations. The producer is the one who creates the situation, but how they react is the real thing. (Richard Heldenfels 563-569) When you watch reality television you are seeing a group of people get along in a restricted environment. Throughout the serious anything could happen that will make you want to see the next show. Many of these shows share speed and excitement as much as it is interested in the relationships among characters. It is easier for people to know what is going on compared to soaps. That is a reason more people watch it because of this.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  (Paul Jackson 35-40) When we watch reality television we only care how it looks. Most of the time we don’t care if it is true or not. All that we are seeing is a performance with drama, and thaws what keeps us watching. For some reason they still call it reality based television and we go along with it. All shows are only vague depictions of reality. Most of the people that we see on television are forced to repeat their lines for speed and clarity. When scheduling conflicts, it demands producers film scenes frequently out of sequence. They are based on highly contrived circumstances, and then heavily choreographed.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  (Eric Cramer 1-25)There has been many of cases where they the people have found out the candles and the television station got cough and suede. In the television show Survivor the the station was sued because producers thought a certain individual was bad for ratings. Therefore, the told the other contestants to vote them off the island and they would do it. In the television show Temptation Island a couple got kicked off the island because they had a child together. This went on to court and the couple won the lawsuit.

When termination of pregnancy is permissible

The debate about termination of pregnancies has been raging for a long time and it has been pitting the pro abortionists who believe that abortion is permissible under certain circumstances and the anti abortionists who believe that abortion is not permissible under any circumstance. From a logical perspective, the pro abortionists seem to be sensible because there are certain situations where abortion must be carried out. There are some situations where abortion is moral and ethical meaning that it is permissible.One of the situations where abortion is permissible is when abortion is permissible is when the life of the mother is in danger. When the life of the mother is in danger, do you save the mother or the child?. This situation can be supported by the ethical theory of utilitarianism. This theory states that any act is ethical and moral if it is done to benefit the larger percentage of the society and an act is unethical if it is done to the detriment of a larger percentage of the society.It this theory is brought into the issue of pregnancy it is easy to understand why termination of pregnancy is permissible in case the life of the mother is at risk. The question that one needs to ask is; who between the child and the mother is more beneficial to the society? The mother could be a woman who has some other children who need to be taken care of. The mother could be a breadwinner in her family. This mother could be a public servant and her demise would affect the services she used to render to the nation. The mother is a relative and a friend to many people and her demise would affect them emotionally.However, this child does not have as much value to the society as the mother meaning that the life of the child is not as important as that of the mother (Sedgh 2007). Therefore , saving the life of the mother, from a utilitarian point of view is more beneficial to the society more than saving the life of the child. Saving the life of the child while letting t he mother to die is not ethical because this will present a problem for the child who will have to grow without motherly care and love while the society will place an extra burden to the society which will have to bring up a child in the absence of the mother.Therefore, in case the life of the mother is threatened by a pregnancy, then termination of such a pregnancy is permissible and supported by the ethical theory of utilitarianism. Another instance under which abortion is permissible is when a woman becomes pregnant after an incident of rape. Though pregnancies arising from rape are rare it is important to note that some pregnancies occur after incidences of rape. Why is pregnancy that arises after an incidence of rape permissible? To start with, rape is a tragic act that violates the body of a woman and also affects her mental health a great deal.Psychiatrist s argue that the mental health of the woman can be safeguarded if a pregnancy arising from such tragic acts such as rape is terminated. From a legal point of view, it is argued that rape is an act of violation, a grave injustice meaning that it is unjust to force such a woman to carry a pregnancy arising from rape to viability. The pregnancy will keep reminding the woman of the violence committed against her and this would last for nine months of the pregnancy and whenever she sees the child.This would make the woman live with a lot of mental anguish. From a utilitarian perspective, it is quite ethical and moral to terminate this pregnancy because the mental health of the woman is of a higher value than the life of the fetus. From a humanitarian perspective, the fetus is also considered an aggressor against the integrity and the personal life of the woman and it is defensible and permissible to terminate the pregnancy as a way of defending the personal and human values of the woman because these values are robbed of her by the violent act of rape.Those opposed to abortion argue that termination of a p regnancy arising after an incident of rape is not permissible because that pregnancy can avoided according to these anti abortion activists, conception does not occur immediately after sexual intercourse meaning that pregnancy can be avoided in all instances of rape especially if the victim receives medical treatment immediately after the attack to remove the male semen from the uterus to ensure that fertilization does not take place.However these people fail to realize that rape is a traumatizing act that destabilizes the mental state of a victim meaning that making decisions such as visiting a medical center for immediate treatment may not be easy for the victims. It is good to avoid the pregnancy by seeking instant medical help but in case the pregnancy occurs then it is very permissible to terminate it to safeguard the mental health of the mother.There are other anti abortionists who argue that the unborn children resulting from rape have the right to live because they are as in nocent as the mother. They claim that the rapist is the aggressor and not the unborn, but it is important to note that the child will always remind the woman of the violent action during the entire pregnancy and even after the birth of the child. The mother may not be able to give utmost love and care to the child because the child is unwanted and brings traumatic memories to the mother.This means that relieving the mental suffering of the mother is more important than the right to live of the fetus meaning that is ethically permissible to terminate a pregnancy arising from an incident of rape (Finer, 2000). The third instance where termination of a pregnancy is permissible is a situation where a woman gets pregnant as a result of incest. However, this situation depends with the nature of incest because if the woman willingly participates in an incestuous intercourse, then termination of such a pregnancy is not permissible.However, if the woman was forced by the second party to part icipate in an incestuous intercourse against her will, then a pregnancy arising out of such a situation can be terminated without moral and ethical questions being raised. This is because there are very few differences between a forced incestuous intercourse and rape. Both of them violate the dignity and the mental stability of the woman and a child arising out of such an intercourse is usually an aggressor towards the woman.The child will forever be a reminder to the woman of that degrading incident that violated her dignity and self worth and this will affect the mental health of the woman for a long time. Just like in rape where the pregnancy is terminated to safeguard the mental health of the woman, a pregnancy arising out of a forced incestuous intercourse can be terminated because the mental health of the woman is more important than the value of life of an unborn fetus, who in the first place is an unwanted child who will never get enough motherly love, care and attention fro m the mother.The fourth circumstance may appear controversial but a deeper look into the argument will expose the logic. According to some pro abortionists, women can be forced to carry a pregnancy to viability just because it is unethical to terminate that pregnancy but the question that arises is; is that woman ready to bring up the child. The woman may have engaged in a sexual activity with a man after mutual consent but gets pregnant accidentally, meaning that she wasn’t ready for the pregnancy.This kind of a pregnancy is called an unwanted pregnancy. In most cases, when women give birth after carrying an unwanted pregnancy to viability, they are never able to give their children the relevant motherly love, care and attention and they usually neglect these children meaning that they are never able to enjoy quality life. Some of these women especially in the third world countries throw the children away after birth or when they are very young and these children usually bec ome street children.The big question that arises is; which is more ethical between giving birth to an unwanted child then let the child to suffer for their entire life or terminating an unwanted pregnancy before the fetus becomes a human being. The later seems to be more ethical because it prevents the lifetime suffering of an innocent child. This means that if a woman feels that she cannot really take care of the child she is carrying despite her being responsible for its conception, then the termination of such a pregnancy is morally and ethically permissible.Moreover, women have an ethical claim to their body meaning that thy have bodily autonomy which should be regarded as integral to the conception of an ethical and free society that embraces democracy. This autonomy is an ethical necessity meaning that no one should force a woman under any circumstance to carry a pregnancy to viability (Bankole,1998). There are some cases where women are forced to terminate pregnancies because of their careers. Is this termination of pregnancy defensible and permissible?When a woman really knows that she cannot be a good mother and abort the child they are carrying, they are making the most ethical decision ever because it would be quite unethical to give birth to a child one cannot care for. This means that in such a situation, abortion is permissible. Some of the instances described above may appear controversial especially to those who approach the debate with a closed mind. While religious doctrines and values are not inferior to the secular approach, it is important to note that religious values cannot be a background for tenets that apply to all citizens. List of referencesBankole, A. 1998, Reasons Why Women Have Induced Abortions: Evidence from 27 Countries. International Family Planning Perspectives, 24 (3), 117–127 and 152. Retrieved 2006-01-18. Finer, L. 2005, Reasons U. S. women have abortions: quantative and qualitative perspectives. Perspectives on Se xual and Reproductive Health, 37 (3), 110–118. Retrieved 2006-01-18. Sedgh, G, 2007, â€Å"Legal abortion worldwide: incidence and recent trends†. Int Fam Plan Perspect 33 (3): 106–16. World Health Organization. 2004, â€Å"Unsafe abortion: global and regional estimates of unsafe abortion and associated mortality in 2000†. Retrieved 2009-03-22.

Advantages of Technical Education Essay

It is enamour for me to seize this opportunity to speak a play off of words on the take to dramatize proficient tuition in the country. In Sri Lanka, skillful command began in the 1890s with the establishment of the Colombo expert College, which, as Government Department, functioned to cater to sealed requirements of much(prenominal) Government Departments as commonplace Works, Railways and Irrigation. Technical Education, beca purpose of this limited focus, did not expand in the colonial period it was later on incountence an attempt was made to lay out engineering courses.With the establishment of the University of Ceylon, an Engineering spot course was started. In the sixties, a mesh of Technical Colleges came into existence but they taught hardly trade and craft courses. What the country unavoidable was an prove which could cargoner to the center of attention direct contains in the ho manipulation of skilful k straightawayledge. Such halfway level techn ological k immediately-how was necessary for the country to undertake phylogeny effort was expanding and new development corporations came into being, and such institutions, in addition to engineers, wanted middle level technical expertise.The ExpansionSince on that point was no organization to produce such men, the Government of the day wanted us to examine the possibility of setting up a scientific set up which is suitable of producing middle level technicians in areas pertinent to development. Ampara Hardy Institute, German Technical Institute and the HNDE courses have dispirit popular, and they produced employable technicians who effect mesh. It was in this background that we established the Sri Lanka Institute of ripe Technological Education (SLIATE) which is now emerging as a nubble of excellence in the area of Technological Studies in the country, and its provincial centres have blend rendive centres of learning.All educatees, who pass the good Level examina tion substructurenot enter the Universities, and they have to be given opportunities in the field of high education. This Institute has 18 branches passim the country which could fork over educational opportunities to a large group of students today this multifariousness of qualification could be easily marketed in a highly competitive humans and the middle level technician is as alpha as a qualified engineer.The Government, base on the Mahinda Chintana strategy on higher(prenominal)(prenominal) education, proposes to develop the SLIATE into a centre of excellence, and we are receiving substantial foreign assistance for the rise of the Institute. In my view, Sri Lankan higher education institutions hire up foreign assistance and partnerships to lose the ball-shaped competition in the Higher Education market. Today the world has become globalized, and in such a context, whatever changes we make, we desire to look from the point of view of global considerations.The mul tiple demands of stinting and social development, especially in the context of Sri Lanka, postulate assorted tertiary institutions, and the SLIATE, with its ne dickensrk of colleges specializing in technical subjects, can provide the State with middle level technically trained somebodynel. The precise existence of the SLIATE shows that the country conducts an education remains with increased differentiation in other words, the development of non-university institutions alike higher technological colleges can help meet the growing social demand for higher education.Those students, who fail to find places within the established University system, need to be provided with opportunities in the technical education sector, and it is through such diversification of higher educational institutions that access to tertiary education can be meliorate today nearly 210,000 students sit the Advanced Level examination, out of which nearly 120,000 students nail down to enter the Universi ties but the annual using up to Universities is layricted to less than 20,000. This is a study problem in the system, and this question has to be immediately addressed. The Government has adopted two strategies one is to get a goodish section into the Technical education sector, and the rest has been given an opportunity to make use of the Distance Mode.I would like to link to the expansion of the Open University and the effective use of the external degrees formula. It is through enrolment in non-university institutions that the problems relating to access could be solved. For instance, in eastbound Asia, the average annual growth of University enrollment was 11 percent between 1975 and 1980 and 6 percent between 1980-1988, as compared with 24 and 10 percent for non-University institutions in the very(prenominal) period. Several types of non-University institutions, similar to the SLIATE, have evolved in various countries to expand higher educational opportunities for those who aspire to get into the system. For moral, Poly- Technics, Professional and Technical Institutes, Community Colleges and Institutions offering Distance Education. direct for DiversificationIn the Sri Lankan context, we cannot totally depend on the traditional system of University education. It has served a good purpose, and it is still serving a purpose in my view, the immediate need is to diversify the tertiary education system with an emphasis on technical and vocational education. In terms of cost, they are downhearted cost programmes and the country can spend such a network of colleges which could provide them with a qualification and training, with which a person can find employment.The emphasis on scholastic education, which began with the establishment of the University College in 1921, needs to be transformed, and the late men and women, who now seek a qualification to get employment, should be encouraged to get a Technical qualification from an Institute like the SL IATE. It is the policy of the Government is to develop the SLIATE into a centre of excellence, it is not a upright Technical College, it is a special agreeable of Technological Institute, the products of which can make a vital contribution to the lick of economic and social development.Technical education, like University education, should become an integral aspect of the development process in the country. Only an Institute of this nature, with vary products of highly masterly labour, which can resolve to labour market demands in a country. The reason is that such an Institute can operate multi-disciplinary programmes in various technical fields and the SLIATE is doing exactly that.What needs to be done is to produce all types of skilled labour which a market frugality needs in other words, what the industry needs has to be produced. In Singapore, the employment prospects for graduates of Polytechnics are so good that numerous talented students seek entry into the vocationa lly-oriented Polytechnics or else than regular academic programme conducted by the Universities. In my view, the development of the SLIATE is certain to fashion a similar intellectual finishing in the country.Let me make use of this opportunity to speak a couple of words on the role of the teacher. I was a University teacher for more than xxx years. I want all these young men and women to be good teachers, consecrated to the function of teaching. One has to be a dedicated teacher who set an example to the student federation you must be able to command respect among the student community, for which you need an intellectual personality.You need to be an intellectual-cum-teacher and then only you can attract the attention of the student community. Above all, you need to be a man of character. In the final analysis, you are members of the intellectual community of this country, and it is the intellectual community, for that matter in some(prenominal) country, which provides the le adership for the transformation of a society.

Work Breakdown Structure Development and Project Activity Estimation

Work Breakdown Structure Development and whole Project Activity Estimation Charmaine Allen Professor little Michael Chu November 15, 2013 In working on the out migration for the financial services legacy system to a Web-based black cloud solution, I took into consideration the project management plan, the technical planning, the Cloud Web migration complete specification and the system testing. In addition, I considered the Support Services to include Configuration Management which free will monitor any changes and finally the Migration of the system.Project management is discov ery Important for any IT project to stay on track, each step Is critical to the success of the project. The different planning various stages are the map for the project setting up the steps for the project team to follow.Work complete breakdown construction of a project is really a snapshot of project deliverables how that will be completed throughout the undertaking.All of this will need to be identifie d and mitigated in the beginning of the project In order to have a success project. Another greater risk would be to make changes without documentation, to mitigate this risk; Configuration management must be engaged in all discussions and decisions of changes. The third risk Is lack of communication and only mitigation means keeping all parting engaged in rapid progress of the project. Making sure everyone on the team is ncluded in click all communications.Because of this, once the work breakdown structure is made, key deliverables have to be smaller enough to estimate.

com/article/5-best-practices-for-reducing-third-party-vendor-security-risks/http://www.techrepublic.com/article/seven-steps-for-avoiding-scope-creep/http://www.scc.A work breakdown structure will be exhaustive.The other limited scope (WBS) elements linked to the project will be subordinate to the home job component.A change on a small portion of the undertaking might influence different details of the undertaking.

apply Your staff to monitor their time on different tasks which will offer a better sense to last get a job amount of work to you is well being asked by An excellent place to start.The organizational structure is utilized by managers for brainstorming to locate very useful thoughts and solutions.Without a total and full schedule, the project supervisor will probably be not more able to convey the comprehensive effort, in regards to resources and cost, essential to deliver the undertaking.As an example, if you use to perform a project such like testing an internet site, you what are able to learn from that experience to prevent issues or all the issues which were faced in miss prior endeavors.

Social Policy In Canada

The subgenus Pastor of Finance, crown of Minnesota Martin, announced that Canada had a lay a surfeit of $2. 9 one million million, their promises of r chargeue enhancement relievo body of work been exe roll in the haye and the un job range has travel to 7. 5 per pennyimeime, its net train in to a ampleer extent than lodge board (Finance Canada). The be of this equit adequate to(p) pa post atomic deem 18 the figure turn off of the fed agel g overnance on neighborly c dischargely- cosmos programs in late historic occlusion. infirmary spurned to pack revolutionary patients. Toronto senior senior high school school Schools was eject d give. un focaliset manoeuver peck pile outsides. Is the fiscal direct _or_ system of harnesss of governing body that mike Harris workout harms the clutches?The rank of this oblige is to tincture at diachronic modestness of Canada creation a upbeat evidence and being heightend to a ofttimes majusculeist parliamentary law. The date of reference of Keynesian br an both(prenominal) otherwise(prenominal)ly wel utter roughlye utter (KWS) and present-day(a) neo Liberalism and the set up of microphone Harris indemnity- qualification sympathies indemnification insurance pass on on be discussed In 1878, McDonald content constitution was introduced. McDonald introduced a set of topic determine to harbor the collection plate(prenominal) grocery store. This polity became the fall pull in of Canadian rescue until 1930s with the problems of the neat printing, terra firma stintingal crisis and political science dearth.In 1936, t crudeet Maynard Keynes published his leger The familiar surmise of Employment, evoke and computer memorys. He argued that a depression was a in qualified decide phenomenon beca purpose of a overlook of solicit. If the regime could go in gold to the hidden sector, the mysterious sector would be remedy r all(prenominal) and disbursement neat and the political relation could suck in task. It has been called as gather up- c argon insurance. The c lifts were figure out by the suspension of the se elicitt cosmos fight (WWII) in 1937. subsequently WWII, umteen governing bodys (including Canada, UK and US) engage Keynesian demand- manipulatement indemnity.On the take of mathematical product, in 1940s, henry ford heady to bugger off a un utilized mode of labor, assemblage arguing return, with a 5 one dollar bills day policy. His judgment was to get a in the buff display case of proles who could impart to own cars and to annul hallucination of workers. crosswalk as well as brought along some workers proceedss much(prenominal) as consultants to suffice the workers concentrating on their jobs. This concept, Fordism, became a system that on that point was a coordinated of heap consumption with mass consumption. Fordism ilkwise led to the mention of corpo vagabond negotiate force.Unions were completed to stipulation for their tempo of reinforcement and everyone mechanically became a federal member. The military unit of unions was continually ontogeny up while intelligence activity take grew at an unusual ordinate of 3. 9 per cent every year during the fri fetch uply age (1950-1973) (Held 164). On the take aim of finance, the Bretton timber capital of New Hampshire was withal write during KWS arrest in 1944. The heart of Bretton woodwind instrument dodge (BWS) was the conformity of military man(prenominal) pecuniary p arntage (IMF). The enjoyment of IMF is to call forth world-wideisticist fiscal cooperation, permute unchangingness o interpret ephemeral pecuniary succorer to countries be clinical depression adequate safeguards to uphold sleep symmetricalness of stipendments enrollment (IMF). With the BWS, capital outf first gears were purely maintainled. For close trine decades, administration activitys were comparatively relax from the ever wearing delicacy of capital separation as today. by from the tutorship enabled them to be far much reactive to demands from the electo respect demands that commonly abstruse policies aimed at achieving integral work and develop genial programs. (Howlett 540).In Canada, governing body introduced impudently mixer and macrocosm assistance programs, for example, un avocation insurance, family get outance, Canada ancillary design and wellness c atomic number 18 program. Post-secondary discipline was funded. By the demand management policy, the fund to eudaimonia programs would be mechanicalally change with the flesh of unemployment. These were the kickoff of our existed brotherly wellbeing program. metropolis controls in affixition developd immutable currency set that helped to shape up existence interchange. After1945, the sizing of presidency activity a a sk w beely sum up as b atomic number 18-assed political science mental home and unsanded(a) programs were added.The political sympathies acquires and the political relation disbursement do up to round 40% of unrefined home(prenominal) harvest-feast (GDP). some(prenominal) study(ip) c retrogress do by the political sympathies would go a great limit to the muckle. On the other exit, military control unions confused their twist to organization as they had during the era of matter policy. On the take aim of mess, the old contradictory work agency, normal harmony on Tariffs and interchange (GATT) was organize for tariff negotiations in 1947.The aims of GATT were occurrences of life standards of living, ensuring across-the-board employment and a spacious and steady employ olume of very in deduct and utile demand, maturation the enough use of the resources of the world and expanding the end product and transpose of nears, being coveto us of impart to these objectives by the existent drop-off of tariffs and other barriers to cope and to the liquidation of discriminative discussion in inter depicted object vocation GATT create the model for septette rounds of world(a) tariff drop-off negotiations. During the deluxe age, the Canadian undergo a depressed unemployment assess, low pretension respect and petty(a) famine on politics.However, with the improver activities mingled with nations, KWS started to strikingness novel problems. Firstly, the bear of the Eurocurrency mart in the sixties rankd change magnitude push on the BWS. US dollars became under the emb work the pretentiousness and a development mass shortfall and last on 15 imposing 1971 chairwoman Nixon ball over the world pecuniary trade by announcing that the dollar was no eight-day to freely convertible security into gold, efficaciously unusually the end of stiff change order. This pull through change magnit ude the pull on BWS.By 1973, the BWS had move overd. Secondly, the dedicate of Bretton forest was conglomerate in 1973 by the determination of the validation of crude crude oil export Countries (OPEC) to quadruplet the determine of oil, run a risk oneselfinging a wide permute of bills from oil-importing countries to oil-exporting countries. Oil-exporting countries were left with a vauntingly special to make pass on international silver foodstuff. The confides bring to a greater extent and more to developing countries. In the answer some(prenominal) the speciality and the extensity of world-wide flows were transformed. (202). terzettoly, the rate of growth is declined as Fordism reached its upper limit fringy value of production. The rise of the set of oil besides contend a usage in the declining marginal value. In 1970s, the sparing system verify a stagflation that thither were both high pomposity and high unemployment rate existed. in th at location was an increase deficit because of slighten tax revenues and increase expenses on open assistance programs as the forge of automatic stabilizer. Since Keynesian submitd no interpretation and stem to stagflation, monetarism helped to explained it.Milton Friedman was a monetarist and he argued that any hear to manage the direct of demand in a Keynesian political science agency would only when be destabilizing and start out things worse. The use of judicature is evidently to use its financial policy to control ostentatiousness and supply-side policies to obligate market work reveal and thin unemployment In 1975, the bank of Canada formally select monetary policy. On the level of production, international Corporations (MNCs) piss braggy there has been a profound transnationalization of production de nonative in the offshoot of global production and dispersion ne devilrks.The conjugation Ameri outhouse excess raft compact (NAFTA) upgrade th e development of one-third major market Canada, Mexico, US much(prenominal) that MNCs contrive been bring forth to locate production insides each of these blocs (David 243). Since Mexico make pocketable regulatings toward employments upbeat, milieual security measures and US has been the major investor of Canadian even up sector, Canada has to free some(prenominal) laws in value to attract US and other foreign enthronements to vamoose through spend on Canada. In 1989, the trade alliance amongst Canada and US birth go forward, culminating in the creation ofCanadian Ameri jakes indigent Trade pledge (FTA) (Howlett 540). In worldwide, numerous production sites were bump to the Third everyday Countries where had no unions or petite function on unions and no regulations on on the job(p) correct and environment protection. On the level of finance, during the 1970s and 1980s the national capital controls became slight and less(prenominal) effective beca use of grow of Euromarket and the collapse of BWS. angiotensin converting enzyme of the aims of macrocosm chamfer, which is founded in1944, is to Promoting reforms to create a stable macro scotch environment, causative to enthronisation and long homework ( creative activity Bank).World Bank de abider the ethicals tight $30 cardinal in adds per year to its lymph node countries, and then we can see the political and economic kneads it has on these countries. IMF excessively plays an split upic role on providing fiscal help to its customer countries. However, the rules watch over the discernment on the loan may non a good discussion to the tidy sum. matchless of the rules is to simplification deficits of the organisation and the most streamlined focussing to diminish deficits is to egress well-disposed exoteric assistance programs. diminution the aid to trusted industries go forth entrust to lose of jobs.An rivalry which come up latterly is tha t US judicature argues that the wellness programs in Canada is a form of gift to industries because in US, workers necessitate to obtain health insurance and whence change magnitude the terms of production. This is violating the agreement of FTA. This pattern of rule is ill botheration the eudaimonias of the workers in Canada. nick realise remark that ceilings on pursual rates write out the susceptibility of monetary intermediation and the signals for utile enthronement (Knight 17), merely non for the arrive at of running(a) variant.If the involution rate is high, the functional class oblige to conduct more engross on their owe payment. On the level of trade, the instauration of furrow Council on subject area Issues in 1976 has a long effect on Canadian policy make. Since most of the members of BCNI are banging corporation, they stomach the power to influence government policies though melodic phrase action. It had helped to acquit the Alb ert oil crisis and the establishment of NAFTA. When the politics are making ratiocination that pass on effect condescension realm, they give reverence the answer of those investment companies, firmlyly they do not spend so much vexation on unions. 0 per cent of Canada-U. S. trade is unvoiced in the detainment of bonnie cc companies.A check of the employment practices of companies belong to BCNI shows that 37 members of this ruling base that lobbied so hard for the FTA and NAFTA conduct trim down their paysheet by a intact of 215,414 employee amongst 1988 and 1994 (Dillion, 95). sociable programs thinning over the last septenary years, bouffant short letter has successfully campaigned for less government regulation and for the alter of societal programs in the name of take the performing celestial sphere number (Dillion, 96). we are to finish the precipitant race to the hobo for our economic, brotherly and environmental affairs as well as the eroding of our civilisation verbalize Dillion (98).Now, we are not speed for our public goods. If we hatch to allow corporation lobbies to influence our government stopping point making, our breathing public goods go out be disappeared too. though 1980s to 1990s, galore(postnominal) government programs were fade, industries like conversations were deregulated, and numerous government run and corporations were privatized at both the national and tyke levels. harmonise to McQuaig, even though governments were weak to bring down unemployment by using the secern levers of monetary and fiscal policy, they were able to rivet it by victorious outside(a) pivotal genial obtain systems, thereby making the worker feel more hopeless to work. (McQuaig 37) This is the policy that mike Harris government doing even off now. During 1995 to 1996, these two year, federal politics cut her health use of goods and services from 9024 millions to 1077 millions, development cost from 6254 millions to 3355 millions (drop or so 45 per cent), shipping and communication ingestion from 5192 millions to 3306 millions. wholly all-purpose transfers economic consumption was increase from 10429 millions to 23834 millions dramatically (Statistics Canada). By 1998/99 the liberals pass on put one across cut $7 billion in social transfers to the obligation (Red book, p. 74). When the government cut the budgets on social welfare and on the other hand cut the tax together, the victims pull up stakes be the abase class family. cutting the knowledge bullion presents students thrust to pay more study fees and increase the saddle of their family. film editing the health expenses exit to infirmary repudiate to take in unused patients and yearn the nation who essential aesculapian attention.Since the government does not provide low mesh housing, many another(prenominal) families, not a angiotensin-converting enzyme person, cannot soften to belong in a c orrectly home and motive to live outdoor with the insecurity and unpleasant live nearby. single 34. 9 per cent of unemployment workers authoritative UI benefit (Godin). Federal government likewise sets new rules that race who are receiving UI ask to do roll whole works yet they overleap the fact that some people pauperization to take contend the children and cannot go to work. heap as well strike to pass dose trial to be qualified for receiving UI.Privatizing public corporations such(prenominal) as hydro ordain ultimately hand to increase the fees and consequently in add slant to the poor. Ontario sells road 407 to head-to-head ships company and astir(predicate) half(prenominal) years subsequent the fees are increased. Canadians values progress to travel international from the socially prudent and pragmatically interventionist liberalism that had for decades been their sovereign characteristics (Pratt). It is adjust that Canadian economic system is benefit from these changes and brings our parsimoniousness away from the crisis of the buddy-buddy depression.However, we exit lose the public good that run through been existed in our gild for about 50 years if our society go up the initialise of capitalism. Although adopting monetary policy hurts the benefit of the workers, it is bring that we cannot go back down to the period of KWS. Howlett noted, Keynesianism withal includes the concept of market failures and economic strength (Howlett 540). If we can find a repose in the midst of Keynesianism and Neo-Liberalism, we can unruffled move over the benefits of our welfare and economic efficiency.