Saturday, December 28, 2019

Candide by Voltaire Essay example - 1218 Words

Voltaire was the author of the novella Candide, also known as Optimism. The the novella, Voltaire portrays the idea of Optimism as being illogical and absurd. In Candide, Voltaire satirizes the doctrine of Optimism, an idea that was greatly used during the Enlightenment time period by philosophers. In this narrative, Candide is a young man who goes through a series of undertakings and ventures around the the globe where he experiences evil and adversity. Throughout his journeys, Candide maintained the ideas of the teachings of his tutor, Pangloss. Candide and Pangloss believed in the idea that â€Å"All is for the best in the best of all possible worlds...† (Voltaire 4). This belief is what Voltaire pointed out to be an irrational way of†¦show more content†¦To Voltaire, this type of optimism was foolish. Even though many people practiced this doctrine Voltaire did not aside with it instead, he implanted doubts on the chances of achieving true happiness and real conformism. Voltaire’s opinion was that one could not achieve true happiness in the real world but only experience it in an utopia. With the many hardships that Candide goes through ultimately leads him to abandon his attitude of optimism. Candide’s misfortunes and adversities often contrasted with his optimistic view on life. Noticeably, Voltaire uses this satirical piece as a way to criticize this exaggerated optimism. This tale as stated by William Bottiglia, â€Å" Has had a great effect on modern writers who confront mankind’s inhumanity to fellow human beings by presenting the human condition absurdly, ironically, and humorously...† (Bottiglia 112). The theme of criticism â€Å"the best of all possible worlds† is present through the whole story. Throughout the novel, Voltaire uses optimism satire to contrast with the catastrophes and human affliction in the story. When Candide finds a moribund and sick Pangloss, Candide asks who is at fault for his tragedy and Pangloss replies that â€Å" The disease was a necessity in this ‘the best of all possible worlds’, for it was brought to Europe by Columbus’ men, who also brought chocolate and cochineal, two greater goods that well offset any negative effects of the disease,† (Voltaire 17). With all theShow MoreRelatedVoltaire Candide1311 Words   |  6 PagesMarie Arouet de Voltaire was the French author of the novella Candide, also known as Optimism(Durant and Durant 724). Voltaires Candide is a philosophical tale of one mans search for true happiness and his ultimate acceptance of lifes disappointments. Candide grows up in the castle of his uncle, a German baron, along with his optimistic scholar, Pangloss, and his young, beautiful cousin, Cunà ©gonde. When Candide falls in love with Cunà ©gonde and his uncle sees them kissing, Candide is thrown outRead MoreCandide by Voltaire948 Words   |  4 PagesVoltaire’s novel, Candide, encompasses a lot of things. This includes mockery of the beliefs of an opposing philosopher of the Enlightenment period . But perhaps the most powerful of his satires in his novel is on religion. Voltaire believes in God, but rather a forceful disapproval of religion. He believes that all people should serve God in their own way instead of being told how to believe God through religious officials. The first example of Voltaire mocking religion is after Candide leaves the castleRead MoreVoltaire And His Candide - Voltaire s Candide1211 Words   |  5 PagesVoltaire and his Candide Introduction Voltaire is the leader of the French Enlightenment, he enjoyed high prestige in the enlightenment movement. His life was spent in against the feudal regime system and the reactionary forces of the church (Gorbatov, 2006). Voltaire was knowledgeable, he had many works (including philosophy, history, literature, science, etc., throughout his literary creation, the most valuable was his philosophical novels (Sutcliffe, 2000). These novels maintained the vitalityRead MoreVoltaire s Candide By Voltaire2264 Words   |  10 Pages Candide by Voltaire Book Critique Emma Joy Mr. Boni World History 2- Period 2 12/19/14 I. Voltaire. Candide. New York: Bantam Books, 1959. Candide by Voltaire is a very educational and informative piece. It was chosen to be read so the students could gain a better understanding of some of the written pieces in the Enlightenment. Voltaire also makes many references as to what life was like in the 18th century. Voltaire not only describes the scenery but he gives a description ofRead MoreCandide by Voltaire847 Words   |  3 PagesCandide Paper Many critics argue that Candide is not an enlightened work, but Voltaire’s satire thoroughly reflects on the philosophical morals and lessons of the Enlightenment. Voltaire’s satire comments on the political, social, and religious views of the time, emphasizing the beliefs of a majority of enlightenment thinkers and philosophers. Voltaire demonstrates three different enlightenment thoughts or views in his work: anti-feudalism, optimism, and the hypocrisy of the Christian church.Read MoreVoltaire s Candide : Candide1766 Words   |  8 PagesVoltaire: Candide In Voltaire’s satirical novella Candide, he analyzes and criticizes the absolutist perspectives that were common of his era. By constructing his characters to each represent a different absolutist faith, he uses comedy to exaggerate and emphasize the faults in each perspective, ultimately describing the world through a cynical lens. As an influential writer of the Enlightenment period, Voltaire’s dispute of faith aligns with the enlightened goals of separating the individual fromRead MoreVoltaire s Candide And `` Candide ``936 Words   |  4 PagesEven though, the broadway play complements Voltaire’s novel, Candide, there are noticeable changes made. These changes are made in order to captivate the audience. Considering the change in time period when Voltaire originally wrote Candide, the changes needed to be made in order to contain more modern aspects that the audience would be drawn to. These changes will be discussed throughout the deliberation of the play , but the most important noticed change would be the doubling of the narrator toRead MoreCandide by Voltaire Essay1734 Words   |  7 PagesCandide Voltaire’s most classic work, Candide, is a satiric assault on most everything that was prevalent in society during the author’s lifetime. The entire novel can be regarded as a bleak story where every character compares life stories to see whose life is worse. Just when the novel cannot get anymore morbid or depressing, it does, to a much greater degree. While Candide is generally considered a universal denunciation, it is optimism that Voltaire is attacking to the greatestRead MoreCandide, a Novel by Voltaire760 Words   |  3 PagesCandide Essay Voltaire was a philosopher that many people would not forget. Candide lives in the castle of Baron Thunderten Tronckh in Westphalia. The circumstances that Candide was born was that he combined a true judgement with simplicity of spirit. Voltaire satirizes the optimism espoused by the philosophers of the Age of Enlightenment. This was a story of a young man’s adventure throughout the world and had seen many evil and disasters. Throughout his journey, he sticks to the teachings thatRead MoreA Summary On Voltaire s Candide 1496 Words   |  6 PagesJason Ross 2/15/16 David Morroe History 185 C02195103 Pre-draft Candide Voltaire known as French Enlightenmen, author, historian and a theorist. Franà §ois-Marie Arouet was born on November 21, 1694. He was so weak when being born and not expected to live Marguerite Daumard and Francois Arouet were his parents. As a student, he was an inspiration young man. He was close with his mother, and sister. Voltaire had an uneasy relationship with his father, who depressed his literature desire and tried

Friday, December 20, 2019

Kill A Mockingbird, By Harper Lee - 2489 Words

As a child, there are many moments that contribute to growing up and losing innocence. Some of these moments help define a person and enrich their personalities as adults. These can be as little as meeting a new person or as large as moving across the world. Being a child in a new environment exposes them to many new opportunities they may not have had prior. This can be very important when it comes to growing up. Every experience and conflict an adolescent has to overcome makes them lose a portion of their innocence and become more of an adult. In the novel, To Kill a Mockingbird, Scout Finch experiences many things such as starting school, playing with her neighbor Boo Radley, witnessing a rape trial, and living with her aunt Alexandra.†¦show more content†¦They used their large imagination to build up their treehouse and hear the different stories of the outside world from Dill. Being young children in a small town, they were fascinated by all of the movies Dill told them about. Her childish innocence is clearly depicted through her â€Å"routine contentment†. Her daily routine again describes her innocence as she discusses her usual walking path. Being the little kids that they are, they do not have many responsibilities in life other than normal exploration and having fun. From their perspective, the world works just like they do, every neighborhood is the same. Scout describes this by saying â€Å"Jem and I were trotting around our orbit one mild October afternoon† (79). Their fresh, small minds are only aware of their usual surroundings, they have no bearings of the real world around them. As far as they are concerned, they focus on their small neighborhood with all of the people they have grown up with. Jem and Scout do not spend much time exploring new things but rather reinventing the small portion of the world they retrace day by day. They interact with the same people, visit the same places, and have an overall small perspect ive of the real world. This very clearly displays Scout’s child like behaviors because they have not yet experienced any lifestyle rather than their own. She and her brother, Jem view their â€Å"orbit† as the world they should associate with. In addition, her innocence is also described when Scout and her

Thursday, December 12, 2019

Manager of Marketing & Communications †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Manager of Marketing Communications. Answer: I would like to draw your attention to our website project with the FibreOne Company. The marketing director of the company has just mailed me today (31st March 2018) that it wont be possible for him to send the content required by us for the development of the corporate Website project for the company. Considering the fact that our company had received the corporate website development project from the FibreOne Company by 30th January, our website developer team had started working on from 1st February. By the end of 14th February, the developer team had collected all the necessary information relates to the project that includes target audience, purpose and chief goal of the project. By 1st March, the second step of the project development that includes planning the website was also completed. The website development team completed designing the website that needed approval from the mentioned company by 23rd March. Thus it can be clearly understood that more than 50 percent of the project is completed. However, in order to proceed with the next step, FibreOne Company needs to provide our website developers with the website content. However, since the marketing manager stated me today at about 10.30 am that the internal team that was supposed to provide us with the content is behind schedule, I am worried that our website development team wont be able to complete the project within the agreed-upon deadline. As the account lead, it is my duty to provide you with the update on the project. I will be highly obliged if you lead us so that this situation can be dealt with successfully. Proposal For Effective Changes That Will Highly Enhance The Number Of Tourists In Calgary This is to inform you that our firm, Creative Marketing for the Modern Tourist, is glad to receive your proposal to help Tourism Calgary with the new advertising campaign. While going through the marketing material I noticed that it is highly focused on the attracting the travellers associated with the Calgary and rodeo Stampede. Considering the fact that it is definitely necessary to attack travellers for the above mentioned fair, I would like to draw your attention towards another major group of travellers who visits Calgary every year twice during the winter and summer to enjoy outdoor activities. While the travellers who come here for the Rodeo and fairground, these travellers are highly conscious about the environment and shows commendable interest on local health, food and conservation. This will be highly beneficial for the local economy of Calgary. Considering the fact that very little information is provided about the cultural, outdoor and historical activities of Calgary which are crucial to attracting the travellers, our company will incorporate this information in a highly effective way. Considering the fact that it is high time to display a different side of Calgary to the new generation, I will be highly obliged if you grant my request to modify the market material.

Wednesday, December 4, 2019

Performance Factors Business Organizations-Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Performance Factors In Business Organizations? Answer: Introduction The global market is highly competitive and there are performance factors, which organizations use to measure their success(Daley, 2012). Different industries have different goals therefore require varied measures of performance. However, there are common factors that contemporary organizations should invest in today. The global environment is highly competitive and brands keep inventing and reinventing themselves in order to survive. These are important tools for measuring performance in different operations. Among the most important functions are customer service, marketing, financial and human resource. The agenda for the implementation of these factors depends on the organizations goals, objectives and criteria for success(Braun, et al., 2013). An organization may have measures for specific departments or a centralized approach to defining performance. The success of the plan depends on the implementation of the strategies. This review of literature discusses four aspects of perf ormance that are necessary for organizational performance in a global organization. The survival of modern organizations depends on an integrated approach because there is no alternatives to these elements(Callister Rethwisch, 2012). This review discusses technology, sustainability, employees and customers as crucial measures for continuous improvement in organizations. It looks at the pros and cons in order to suggest an integrated approach. Technology as a performance measure Wang Jian (2012) examine leadership and competence in organizations to point out the role of technology in knowledge sharing. Leadership styles in organizations today cannot survive without technology. From the articles point of view, innovation is important in all areas of business management. The research terms the current global market as te surbodinates. Its analysis indicates that leaders need to instil innovative approaches to their employees in order for the organization to excel in its goals. The artcicle uses the example of service innovation to explain the role of knowledge sharing in personnel development. Most researchers suport the use of technological innovation in the improvement of service and product development processes(Bocken, et al., 2014). Technology has a wide array of applications for workplace, supply chain and customer functions. This artcles focus is on on workplace and interorganizational perfomance. From the findings, knowledge sharing, network competenci es and organizational relationships interconnect to define innovation performance in the service industry. the article conclusively states that the organization needs quality structures and network capcity for high tech performance. This model is good for businesses and knowledge sharing sytems such as the online entreprises which depend on the internet for various functions. The articles discussion mentions the role of leadership in leading the improvement process. Research into the concept of innovation and leadership points at organizational strategy as the news strategies through leadership(Davila, et al., 2012). Online technology connects the organizations to the global markets. Leaders in the organization have a responsibility of developing competent network systems that positions the organization for suces. Perfomance measured through competence includes technology skills such as email communication, microsoft office, database management and digital applications. The article refer to interorganizational collaborations using technology support systems. Cloud computing is one of the common shared technology platforms for global organizations. Creating a competitve edge is about adding strategic importance to the processes such as value chain and customer care among others. The article stresses the importance of leaders developing these technology com petencies. Proponents of Key perfomance Indicators ( KPIs) agree(Parameter, 2015). Leaders in all sectors know how to manipulate technology tools and software applications for excellence because it provides artifical intelligence. In the article, competencies help organizations to excell. It encourages personal innovation as well as knowledge transfer. Effective performance techniques should not focus on the organizational alone but a holistic approach(Callister Rethwisch, 2012). The article acknowledges the challenge of knowledge sharing through technology. Its limiting factors discourages the development of inter-organizational network systems. Among the issues of concern is security and privacy violations, which places organizational data at risk of manipulation(FTC, 2017). Business organizations face the risk of data breach when unauthorized persons get access to confidential links. This is not good for a brand whose image is respectable(Rizkallah, 2017). Performance is about shaping the brand through reputation. This poses a challenge when technology becomes a negative influence rather than a plus. The exposure of strategic ideas to competitors nullifies the essence of performance. The information could compromise the strategic plan of the organization. This article ignores the challenge presented by lack of, limited access to technology as well as constant maintenance(Bharadwaj, et al., 2013). Digital business initiatives have a challenge of elaborating the technology strategy according to the organizational needs. Using concepts and applications from a customer care system in a supply chain could result in chaos. Capturing the organizational objectives in each unit helps to narrow down the implementation with specific tools and devices. The article also fails to mention lack of transparency in knowledge sharing for stakeholders in the same industry. Sustainability as a performance tool Andrea, S., 2012. The sustainable firm. International Journal of Business and Management, 7(21), pp. 34-47 Andrea (2012) presents a theoretical dicourse on sustainability as a strategy for business practice. In the article, he emphasises the interdependency that exists in the business processes. He brings out the role of external and internal stakeholders. The article starts by reinforcing the importance of sustainability and sustainable development as signficant in busines management. In the discussion, sustainability is multidimensional and it comprises of green practices, employee welfare as well as community activities. In the article, perfomance uses sustanability to gauge the impact of its processes or projects. Further studies into the phenomenon agree that the concept has social and economic benefits (Elliot, 2011: Orlitzky, et al., 2011). Although the research points out that sustainability has financial returns, most organizations undertake it voluntarily. The article points out that this is due to its limited presence in managerial studies. In disagreement to this notion, Willa rd (2012) gives examples of how modern organizations are embracing sustainability for risk management in inventory and value chains. Branding experts agree that the concept is more than the social and environmental aspects because it gives brands value and a future(Chu Arun, 2012). Its appication varies in research, manufacturing, greeen energy, health care and branding. Bocken, et al.( 2014) supports eco-friendly CSR practices including corporate innovation. Most businesses ignore the incorporation of sustainability in innovation. Technology is one of the techniques which require energy saving tactics. In the article, business activities exhaust resources through wastage, pollution and gas emissions. The suggestion in the discussion is that business management startegies which target sustainability should focus on an integrated approach. Giving the example of greener production, it points to the implication of ignoring sustainailtity. Unlike other perfromance metrics, it has a macroeconomic impact. In the study, there is concern across the globe on sustainable management practices featuring in policies and practices. Research shows that the concept continues to evolve into a value concept that influences stakeholders and financial turnover(Hearly Palepu, 2012). Business analysis shows the adoption of sustainability in the supply chains for value ch ain. This tranformation of operational concepts has created a corporate culture that allocates funds and startegies to it. As a perfomance measure, it supports quality development of brands through effcient approaches to operational management. Unfortunately, the article does not discuss the limitation of sustainability as indicated by Ashby, et al (2012). Sustainability also faces future challenges of remaininig relevant to energy production which is on the increase(Sandler, 2011). Andrea (2012) agrees that sustainability lacks a clear definintion because of this wide perspective. Howevever, he reiterates that the agenda behind sustainability is in environmental protection and social good. Its focus on environmental concerns explains the global adoption of ecofriendly activities in business activities. One of this is the use of Public Relations tactics under the CSR umbrella. However, sustainability as a perfomance element affects industries in energy, technology, waste management, recycling, economics, renewble energy, agriculture and production among others(Reichardt Rogge, 2016). This calls for a synthesis of different approaches for success. The article includes a clear definition of the process of developing an effective strategy for sustainability. This includes the design of a plan and definition of boundaries for the instruments or tools of measure. This approach gives an indepth analysis that broadens the application of sustainability in empirical res earch and practice. This identification prioriticizes the concept to help organizations to have a plan for performance using sustainability in customer segment, suppliers, community and industry stakeholders(Rogers, et al., 2012). This brings out another discusion of criteria and cost factors in sustainable management. Employees as performance measure Alfes, K., Trus, C., Soane, E. C. R. C. Gatenby, M., 2013. The relationship between line manager behavior, percieved HRM practicecs and individual perfomance: Examining the mediating role of engagement. Human Resource Management, 52(6), pp. 839-59. This article explains the role of individuals in performance management. From the analysis, the relationship between managers and employees leads to performance. Each has a role to play within the allocated tasks. In a study involving 1796 participants within the service sector in the UK, the article unfolds why employee involvement is critical(Alfes, et al., 2013). In organizational performance, the study of Human Resource has continued to evolve over time. With new ideas, Strategic Human Resource Management was born. The realization that an employee is a significant stakeholder in an organization enables employers to handle each employee individually(Avey, et al., 2011). Investment in motivation and talent management continues to transform global organizations. The article uses social exchange theory to explain the human behavioral factors that influence performance. The theory encourages the use of psychological as well as social factors to understand performance. The article poin ts out that tools used in HRM such as appraisals should have a human face. Other researchers agree that this rationalism guides the development of functional structures for strategic performance. This is the practice and theoretical model used in global organizations whose perspective is in cross-cultural regions. The findings of the research explain organizational relationships using structural equation model ( SEM).As a recipe for performance it defines the alignment of employees in their task areas according to competencies and talent. Researchers who support this notion state that this approach encourages the use of human intelligence and skills in the organization(Toplak, et al., 2011). The article finds that people are individuals first before they form a team. Therefore, managers need to form teams according to the capacities in an organization. An effective HRM approach does not exclude some employees based on their inadequate abilities. The discussion emphasizes the importance of complementing weaknesses through training and employee interaction(Moynian, et al., 2011). An organization, which strategically positions itself using key performance indicators, needs to balance leadership as well as the subordinates. An effective ranking system provides motivation to the employee who works hard for the performance. Human Resource Management practices support the use of various motivational factors in behavioral management(Meng, 2012). Among this is the use of monetary and non-monetary rewards. Professionals feel attracted to organizations that have good management practices and opportunities for growth. The research focuses on the service sector; it leaves out other industries where technology is intensive. Some researchers would therefore argue that having an approach that looks at all industries is beneficial(Wilson, et al., 2012). Although relationships and structures are significant in performance, modern HRM practices encompass culture and diversity management. Cross border, workers are searching for more than simple rewards. The need for security, social acceptance and health benefits is wide(Bratton Jeff, 2012). Performance management needs to look at all these elements including the role of online recruitment and communications. Research proves that employees perform better in areas with advanced technology(Schechner, 2013). However training employees equips them with the necessary skills for the technology. The article does not discuss the improvement of skills to fill in the deficits. Professionals in customer care require modern training to handle smartphone devices, web chats among others. Managers in leadership posts also need orientation on effective video conferencing. The improvement of their competencies adds value to their experience for better jobs and performance levels as Alfes, et al (2013) notes. Proper structures for training and employee recruitment needs to include these as a performance measure. Customers as Performance factors Sperdin, B., Plank, A. Grissemann, U., 2013. Enhancing business perfomance of hotels: The role of innovation and customer orientation. International Journal of Hospitality Management, Volume 33, p. 347-356 Sperdin, et al ( 2013) presents a discussion on customer satisfaction and how this stimulates innovation within the organization. The center of the researrch is on business perfomance in the hospitality industry. Besides investing in technology, organizations should influence organizational behavior for customer satisafction. From the article, focusing on the consumer has monetary and non monetary benefits. Acknowledging the globalization and technology impact on consumer trends, the study suggests the redefinition of performance with customer needs such as quality and costs. Traditional research did not place the customer as a major astakehoder in the supply chain but contemorary researcher do(Yu, et al., 2013). The article support customer orientation theory as a factor that influences competitiveness in the industry. However, some theorists would argue that this approach is not reliable because customer perception does not always lead to positioning(De Mooij, 2013). The article ad vocates for global approaches to customer trends in the hospitality industry. It also points at the use of innovation for market research on the consumer. Customers determine the value of a brand by what it offers. Some researcher suggest the use of customer experience and experential marketing(Andrews, et al., 2012). From the findings customers have values and believes which influence behavioral choices. If the customer is a measure of perfomance, capturing the trend is important. Some brands measure perfromance of a product or service by consumer reaction online(Choi Varian, 2012). Contemporary analysists point out that websites, social media and news reactions provide statistics for organizations to hear from the consumer. The article defines the consumer attitude using psychosocial theories that support customer-contact staff. This means the employee may have an impact on consumer choices or vice versa. Sales departments use this appraoch for target marketing(Luo Shiau, 2012). The article explains the importance of creativity in inlfuencing customer choices. The use of incentives in sales and promotions is also a bonus. This explains why price promotions are common in the advertising world today(Andrews, et al., 2012). Although the focus on the hospitality industry supports the service industry, the customer is also a significant player in the product segment. Manufacturers reinvent products in order to meet this need(Ageron, et al., 2012). In the tourism industry, customer co-creation of services such as medical tourism in India has redefined the industry(Grissemann Stokburger-Sauer, 2012). The article calls for more research into the customer factor of performance in the industry in order to support this new framework. The limitation in research for the industry also fails to explain the two conceptual frameworks in the article. These are innovation and customer orientation and business performance and innovation. Most of the research highlighted in the discussion is on customer orientation but scanty data on the business performance influence. As a result, the article leaves out research gaps for inquiry on global effects such as insecurity on the customer needs. The hospitality industry is one of the most adversely affected with terrorism and global insecurity. The article could have used this and sustainability issues in support of its performance notions of measuring performance in hospitality(Kang, et al., 2012). In conclusion, competent organizations integrate different approaches in an effort to measure performance. The use of technology encourages innovation and new ideas. It also facilitates for improved processes. Wang Jian (2012) discuss this from a leadership perspective. However, this theoretical approach does not have a social aspect to it therefore; it fails in addressing human factors. It leaves out the employee who is an integral part of an organization and the consumer who determines the trend in the industry. Performance measure using sustainability has become a popular notion. Global organizations connect through one agenda of environmental protection. According to Andrea (2012) the CSR practice has economic and social benefits. However, the article agrees that the definition of sustainability and sustainable development appears vague hence reducing its strenth as a perfomanc measure. The other performance metrices focus on people factors. The consumer as a determinant of perf omance makes choices that influence decisions. Sperdin, et al (2013) explains this usnig the example of the hospitality industry. Although the discussion is not conclusive, it shades some light about the performanc approach in the service industry. Finally, some researchers feel that the employee is the most important measure for successful business managament(Alfes, et al., 2013). It is therefore evident that all these factors are important in one way or the other. Therefore an integrated approach could be the solution because it caters for all the missing gaps in the other metrices. The performance concept is complex and it different business organizations customize their perfromance measures according to their specific needs. References Ageron, B., Gunasekaran, A. Spalanzani, A., 2012. Sustainable supply management: An empirical study. International Journal of Production economics, 140(1), pp. 168-182. Alfes, K., Trus, C., Soane, E. C. R. C. Gatenby, M., 2013. The relationship between line manager behavior, percieved HRM practicecs and individual perfomance: Examining the mediating role of engagement. Human Resource Management, 52(6), pp. 839-59. Andrea, S., 2012. The sustainable firm. International Journal of Business and Management, 7(21), pp. 34-47. Andrews, L., Drennan, J. Russel-Bennet, R., 2012. Linking percieved value of mobile marketing with the expereincetial consumption of mobile phones. European Journal of Marketing, 386(3/4), p. 357. Ashby, A., Mike, L. Menie, H., 2012. Making connections a review of supply chain management and sustainability literature. Supply Chain Management: An International Journal, 17(5), pp. 497-516. Avey, J. B., Reichard, R., F, L. Mhatre, K., 2011. Meta-analysis of the imapct of positive psychological capital on employee attitudes, behaviors and perfomance. Human resource development quarterly, 22(2), pp. 127-152. Bharadwaj, A., El Sawy, O., Pavlou, P. Venkatraman, N. V., 2013. Digital business strategy: toward a next generation of insights. MIS Quarterly, 37(2), pp. 471-482. Bocken, N., Short, S., Rana, P. Evans, S., 2014. A litearture and practice review to develop sustainable business model archtypes. Journal of cleaner production, Volume 65, pp. 42-56. Bratton, J. Jeff, G., 2012. HUman Resource Management: Theorty and Practice. s.l.:Palgrave. Braun, S., Peus, C., Weisweiler, S. Frey, D., 2013. Transformational leadership, job satisfaction and team perfomance: A multilevel mediation model of trust. The Leadership Quarterly, 24(1), pp. 270-283. Callister, W. Rethwisch, D. G., 2012. Fudamentals of materials science and engineering: An integrtaed approach. s.l.:John Wiley Sons. Choi, H. Varian, H., 2012. Predicting the present with Google Trends. Economic Record, 88(1), pp. 2-9. Chu, S. Arun, M., 2012. Opportunities and challenges for a sustainable energy. nature, 488(7411), p. 294. Daley, D., 2012. Strategic human resource management. Public Personnel Management, pp. 120-125. Davila, T., Epstein, M. Shelton, R., 2012. Making innovation work: How to manage it, measure it and profit from it. s.l.:FT Press. De Mooij, M., 2013. Global marketing and adevrtising: Understanding cultural paradoxes. Fourth ed. s.l.:Sage. Elliot, S., 2011. Transdisciplinary perspectives on environmental sustainability: a resource base and framework for IT-enabled busiess transformation. MIS Quarterly, 35(1), pp. 197-236. FTC, 2017. Data Breach Response. [Online] Available at: https://www.ftc.gov/tips-advice/business-center/guidance/data-breach-response-guide-business [Accessed 25 August 2017]. Grissemann, U. Stokburger-Sauer, N. E., 2012. Customer cocreation of travel services: the role of company support and customer satisfaction with the co-creation perfomance. Tourism Management, 33(6), pp. 1483-1492. Hearly, P. Palepu, K., 2012. Business analysis valuation: Using financial statements. s.l.:Cengage learning. Johnson, M. Marshall, G., 2016. Sales force management leadership, innovation, technology. s.l.:Routledge. Kang, K., Stein, l., Heo, C. Lee, S., 2012. Consumers' willingness to pay for green initiaves of the hotel industry. International Journal of Hospitality, 31(2), pp. 564-572. Luo, M. M. Shiau, W. L., 2012. Factors affecting online group buying intention and satisfacttion: A Social exchange theory perspective. Computers in Human Behavior, 28(6), pp. 2431-2444. Marshall, G. Johnson, M. W., n.d. Sales Force Management. 12th ed. s.l.:s.n. Meng, X., 2012. The effect of relationship management on project performance in construction. International Journal of project management, 30(2), pp. 188-198. Moynian, D., Pandey, S. Wright, B. E., 2011. Setting the table: How transformational leadership fosters perfomance infromation use. Journal of Public Adminstration Research and Theory, 22(1), pp. 143-164. Orlitzky, M., Siegel, D. S. Waldman, D., 2011. Strategic corporate social responsibility and environmental sustainability. Business Society, 50(1), pp. 6-7. Parameter, D., 2015. Key Perfomance inidcators: developing, implimenting and using winning KPI,. s.l.:JOhn Wiley Sons. Reichardt, K. Rogge, K., 2016. Policy mixes for sustainability transitions: An extended concept and framework for analysis. Research Policy, 45(8), p. 1620. Rizkallah, J., 2017. When a data breach can be a benefit to your brand. Forbes. Rogers, P., Jalal, K. F. Boyd, J., 2012. An Introduction to sustainable development. s.l.:Earthscan. Sandler, R., 2011. In defence of sustainability. Carnergie Council of International Business. Schechner, R., 2013. Performance studies: An Introduction. s.l.:Routledge. Sperdin, B., Plank, A. Grissemann, U., 2013. Enhancing business perfomance of hotels: The role of innovation and customer orientation. International Journal of Hospitality Management, Volume 33, p. 347. Toplak, M., West, R. Stanovich, K., 2011. The Cognitive Reflection Test as a predictor of performance on heuristics and biases tasks. Memory Cognition, 39(7), p. 1275. Wang, C. Jian, Z., 2012. The impacts of network competence, knowledge sharing on service innovation perfomance: Moderating the role of relationship quality. Journal of engineering and management, 6(1). Willard, B., 2012. The new sustainability advantage: seven business case benefits of a tripple bottom line. s.l.:New Society Publishers. Wilson, A., Zeithaml, V., Bitner, M. Gremler, D., 2012. Services marketing: Integrating customer focus across the firm. s.l.:McGraw Hill. Yu, W., Jacobs, M., Salisbury, W. Enns, H., 2013. The effects of supply chain integration on customer satisfaction and financial perfomance: An organizational learning perpective. International Journal of Production Economics, 146(1), pp. 346-358.

Thursday, November 28, 2019

Chinese Attitudes About Death Essays - Death Customs,

Chinese Attitudes About Death Throughout the history of mankind, "death" has always been a fascination. People have always wondered about the causes of death, the aftermath of death, and whether it could be stopped. Among these people were the Chinese, who like many other people, believed there was life after death. They performed certain rituals " to help them along their way." Chinese attitudes toward death are reflected in funerary rituals, Buddhist philosophy and reverence for the deceased. Death is a very important issue to the Chinese people. The son of a family has the obligation to give his parents a proper funeral. "This includes such essential elements as; a large coffin, a funeral procession, a well-chosen gravesite, gifts and offerings to the soul of the deceased, a period of mourning, and keeping an ancestral shrine. If a Chinese son fails to follow these obligations, he has committed a serious offense against society."1 The Chinese believed in giving a proper funeral to their elders because when the elders were alive, they had shared their experiences and knowledge with the young. The Chinese followed the requirements to a proper funeral because they believed in remembering the dead, who were once close to them. They wanted to remember the dead by praying to them daily and making them offerings. The Chinese believed that there were certain rituals that were necessary for certain events. For example, during a wedding, the Chinese believed that the couple must bow to the parents and offer them tea. Only then, can the couple be happily married. Because the Chinese believe in performing certain rituals for certain events, anyone who doesn't give his parents a proper funeral would have mocked traditional beliefs. This son would be considered as a pariah in his village and looked upon as "dirty" by his neighbors. To the Chinese, being buried in a coffin was very important. Chinese people wanted to bury the dead in coffins to preserve their bodies, protect them from decaying as fast. Although the soul of the person was to move on, the Chinese wanted to save the body as a way to remember the elderly. To some people being buried in a coffin is so important that they rather spend their money on a coffin than on necessary provisions. Although burial in a coffin is preferred, cremations also take place. A cremation is when a corpse is placed on a pyre and burned to ashes. In the cities of present day China, because of the great overpopulation and lack of usable land, the government has made cremation a necessity. Cremation is also encouraged in rural areas in efforts of saving arable land for farming. Since the people living in the rural areas are farmers who can provide their own necessities and are independent of the government, they are more concerned with their traditional beliefs and practices than the concerns of the government. In the villages, peasants begin saving to buy coffins for themselves after they pass the age of sixty; which was considered the number of years a life cycle should be.2 People have claimed that if a person died before turning sixty years old, he/she was a "short-life devil." Because of this belief, the people that died before turning the age of sixty years old were not buried and left wherever the happened to "drop."3 To show how important burying the dead is, the Chinese hire elderly people who are familiar with the ancient wisdom of feng-shui, or the spirits of "the wind and water." This type of ancient art was also called geomancy. The reason why the Chinese hire elderly people is because they want someone who is experienced in the field, not someone who's new and had recently learned it from books. The Chinese believe that the more experience a person has, the more reliable is that person. The geomancer helped the dead select favorable sites for graves.4 These favorable sites not only had to be affordable to the family but had to bring good luck to the family and ensure that there will be no evil spirits haunting them. Like the traditional matchmaker, the geomancer is respected for his wisdom and experience in life. Some similarities between the jobs of the matchmaker and geomancer are those of which they both check the social statuses of their clients. The matchmaker has to make sure that he does not match a rich young lady to a poor young man, and the geomancer has to make sure that he picks a gravesite that is affordable

Sunday, November 24, 2019

How to Survive Your Upcoming Panel Interview

How to Survive Your Upcoming Panel Interview You’ve just been told your interview won’t be a one-on-one or series of individual interviews, but a panel interview instead. Maybe it’s your first panel interview. Maybe they just freak you out and throw you off your game. It can be intimidating going before the â€Å"firing squad,† so to speak. But don’t be intimidated. Think of this as an opportunity to convince more decision makers of how good a fit you are. Get as many of them on your side as you can. It’s a much more efficient use of time! But if the rapid fire scenario still frightens you and your nerves are daunted by the extra pressure, here are 7 strategies for how to prepare and sail through.1. Do your homework.Think about the preparation required for a normal interview, then multiply that by the number of people on the panel, at least. Figure out, first of all, who is going to be on your panel. You can ask the recruiter or hiring manager for names and titles; this is standard prac tice and will help you better assess what might be most important to each. Find out as much as you can about their roles, successes, career backgrounds. Think about the questions each one might be likely to ask and then prepare great answers.Then, go through your resume to make sure you don’t need to explain away any gaps or oddities. And then rehearse. Have friends or family fire questions at you, so you can practice answering them, and addressing each questioner by name.2. Look smart.Show up 10 minutes early (you should do this anyway, but wasting four or 10 people’s time is much worse than just one). Wear something professional and make sure your appearance is well-groomed and neat. Consult the company’s dress policy and err on the side of caution. Try a dark, smart suit if in doubt.Present yourself with confidence and keep your body language open. Don’t fidget. Sit up straight, smile, and don’t forget to breathe. Remember to make eye contact wi th questioners when answering. And then make sure your confidence level doesn’t spill over into arrogance.3. Build rapport.Once you get a sense of the room, start getting comfortable, and make sure everyone else is comfortable too. Answer each question directly to the person who asked it, but find a way to broaden out your answer at the end and address the group. Show how you can engage the room, build up a sense of teamwork and camaraderie. Put people (i.e. customers/coworkers) at ease. Remember to keep each member of the panel in mind with each answer. Don’t exclude the rest of the panel to answer one question too narrowly or directly.4. Control the pace.The rapid-fire situation only has to be overwhelming if you let it. Remember, you can control the pace of the conversation. You are well within your rights to pause before answering a question. Get to the point quickly, keep your answers brief, and don’t get bogged down. This will help you get your answers out before the next question comes your way.If you get cut off before you finish, immediately ask yourself whether what you were going to say was important enough to persist. If not, move on. If yes, politely say you’d like to just share one final thought on the previous question, then move on.5. Prepare for follow-ups.Just as in a normal interview, you will probably get follow-up questions to your answers in a panel interview situation. Do your best to prepare for this as you usually would, taking into account ways you can broaden your follow-up answers to engage more of the group.6. Make connections.Whenever possible, connect your answers to other questions or other answers during the interview. This shows that you are constantly tracking the bigger picture, and making connections. Don’t underestimate how impressive comments that link back to other comments can be to the panel and its individual members.7. Follow up.Thank each member of the panel individually whenever p ossible, with a firm handshake, eye contact, and a genuine smile. Then send personalized thank you notes- preferably handwritten- to each, and promptly. Gather up as many business cards as possible- this will help with thank yous and with future networking.

Thursday, November 21, 2019

In the light of the challenges facing global business today, all Essay

In the light of the challenges facing global business today, all companies listed on stock exchanges should adopt the UN Global - Essay Example This paper argues that â€Å"in the light of the challenges facing global business today, all companies listed on stock exchanges should adopt the UN Global Compact on responsible management† Globalization conveys people, culture, societies together and necessity and chances for cooperation enabling more prosperity and complex understanding to boost. Accountable businesses that establish proactive corporate practices and policies involving those valued by human rights, upon ensuring decent and safe working environments protection and excellent corporate governance contribute largely towards achieving social, economic and environmental goals. They also assist in making of markets more maintainable, inclusive and stable. Forming practices and rules which boost business responsibilities may also contribute towards business competitiveness. Enforcement and adoption of regulations and laws lies with the governments thus, business guided efforts can only be maintained and scaled whe n rules of law, public institutions, predictable regulatory and transparent efforts maintain the accountable business exercises. Much more, the collaborative multi-stakeholder enhancements amidst business, institutions, labor organizations and civil society give chances to boost promote innovation and extensive sustainable progression in manners capable to extend what businesses and governments produce on their own (Creaton, 2007). There are some ways in which Governments may sustain accountable business exercises. These are: Forming enabling conditions where governments may allocate crucial conditions for corporate accountability matters for dialogue and progression. This could also involve guiding by example like by articulation maintaining for corporate accountability principles and guidelines. Raising consciousness as the governments may dynamically draw attention to usual matters, benefits and aspects of corporate responsibility and enable for public debates. On promotion gover nments may come with best practices like giving of awards likewise to endorsement or invite wider community and invite businesses support for voluntary corporate accountability activities, programs and initiatives such as UN Global Compact. Tools progression ensure recognizing that business sectors can at times require requirement facilitation or guidance help as governments could help the progression of corporate accountability guidelines, programs and realization of particular designed which encourages entrepreneurism and corporate accountability amongst the medium and small sized enterprises areas. Funding where the governments have resources and may directly add to resources to assist voluntary initiative to exploit their effects. UN Global Compact renewed the multi-stakeholder obligations, widening of business establishment, boosting of financial market incentives, added governmental maintenance and extending of wider UN-premises agenda. All the points lies with the decision th at business workings in pragmatic and principled

Wednesday, November 20, 2019

Botlton Claims that Emotion Work can be Viewed as a Distinctive Form Essay

Botlton Claims that Emotion Work can be Viewed as a Distinctive Form of Skilled Work and Employees as a Multi Skilled Emotion Ma - Essay Example Emotion labour as defined by Payne is the work that involves trying to feel the appropriate feeling for a given job (2006, p.2). The emotion labour is common in the service industries. Payne states that, the workers have the obligation to carry out emotion work in the form of politeness, enthusiasm or remaining calm even when under intense pressure. This forms an integral part to achieve customer satisfaction. Payne agrees with Bolton’s argument that emotion work is a distinct highly skilled labour. Bolton’s argument is because emotion work shares some emotion features that prove its ability to be categorised as skilled labour.. Emotion labour requires that employees practice some level of discretion complexity and worker control (2004, p. 20). The complexity in emotional work comes from the explanation by Goff man that the everyday social interaction by employees in emotion work requires a person with the capability of switching through numerous feelings. Bolton states that, employees in the service field should have emotional managerial skills that will allow them to carry out their duties effectively. The workers should be able to distinguish the various emotional displays desired for a given task in their work. Bolton gives an example that the employees could utilise humour as a way of building rapport with the customer or as a means of defusing customer aggression. Emotion workers have to be able to control their interactions with customers to avoid unnecessary exchanges with their customers. In this case, the customer gets the right to display discontent and anger that are not available to the worker (2005c, p.26). Bolton further describes the emotion worker as an active and controlling force in the labour process. The emotion worker subverts the organisational feeling rules imposed to them by management. An example is the Disneyland operator who offers to be of assistance to customers by separating them into different rides despite the resi stance by customers. Bolton tries also to explain how a customer does benefit from the employees act of resistance (2004b, p. 29). An employer, despite his tight schedule, may take his time to help a customer who happens to be in dire need of help. The employee in this case violates the company’s regulation to help the customer. Emotion work, according to Bolton’s observation is indeed a skilled work in that it is through the employees’ interaction with the customer that the image of the company is portrayed and, therefore, serves as a marketing strategy. Emotion labour is a skilled labour, yet the many of emotion labour are low paying jobs with a low status. Bolton observes that the jobs need to be considered as skilled labour, and employees be provided with their rightful payment as skilled workers. The difficulty in categorising emotion labour arises because the traditional systems of certification find it hard to quantify emotional skills. Then again, the em otional skills are part of the worker this makes the skills to be easily dismissed as personal traits. Then it is argued that most of the workers involved in emotion labour are women. Philips and Taylor say that emotion work involves elements of people work and caring for others this trait is seen as an innate feminine quality (1986, p.55). They argue that women have a natural gift when it comes to handling emotional skills. Korczynski observes the scepticism that surrounds the description of emotion labour skills as real skills. Many believe

Sunday, November 17, 2019

Misdemeanors and The Courts Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Misdemeanors and The Courts - Case Study Example Unfortunately, they were not planning on a local policeman being on the campus that night. They were caught and cited for vandalism of school property. Now this type of crime is punishable by up to no more than one year in jail and Henry had a court date last week at the Silverton district court. He checked in at the magistrate court office and pled not guilty to his charge in front of the judge. Because vandalism is a misdemeanor offense and his first offense, he was not required to have a jury trial. He had a court trial and was found guilty. The judge felt she had substantial evidence to find Henry guilty as charged. However, he did not feel there was sufficient competent evidence and decided to take the case a step further and appeal this decision made by the judge. He filed an official appeal with the appellate department of the superior court of the State of California. Henry hired an attorney to file a brief to the court on his behalf. Once the brief had been filed it was give n to a panel of justices for review and an oral argument was scheduled. During this oral argument the panel of justices asked Henry’s attorney questions about the night he was cited, evidence of innocence, etc†¦After hearing the argument and reviewing the briefs they submitted a written statement to the court claiming they believed Henry was guilty. He has now been found guilty by a trial judge and the mid-level court.

Friday, November 15, 2019

Looking For Alibrandi, Analysis

Looking For Alibrandi, Analysis However, the Italian adolescents, and in Josies case, have guidelines and family expectations they have to live up to, for example, after school she has to visit her Nonna, dress, friends and the reputation of her family and the Alibrandi name. This is against the expectations of her Italian culture of the assumption that she will marry someone of the Italian background. It is though these regulations that Josie has to fight, these cultural boundaries are revealed. Respect is a cultural boundary that Josies family holds upon her, and is presented through the characters of Josephine and Nonna Katia. Josie crossed this boundary and hit her with her science book. This is seen in the Italian eye as disrespect to her Italian heritage. Josie also shows bitterness at Easter when other children receive chocolate eggs and as an alternative, Josie must help her Nonna prepare for a large family food-gathering event. We were all caught up in the middle of two societies. Josie crosses this boun dary when she would rather join her friends in other places than to stay and contribute in the Italian sauce-making day. Melina Marchettas purpose to educate the readers of the discrimination and prejudice of todays society on a cultures values, beliefs and traditions, and that crossing boundaries brings greater self knowledge leading to growth and emancipation. The Italians and the Australians try and keep separate, and there is always a lack of interaction between, relationships and communication is always minimised. This cultural boundary is crossed through the unaccepted relationships between Italian Josie and Australian Jacob, and Nonna Katia and Marcus Sandford. Through the conflict of the characters, this cultural boundary of interaction is exposed. The reader is satisfied as Josie breaks free, unshackles the chains of the cultural restrictions her mother and grandmother place upon her, and finds her true identity. Jossies intelligence and confidence are two unique qualities portrayed in this young girl, struggling with her identity. She is a remarkably imaginative young person possessing a quick temper. She is a confused girl searching to find where she belongs in the two different cultures. These cultures, being Australian and Italian, are very demanding on such a young girl, having to mould herself for each and find an equilibrium of both. She has major difficulties coping with the harsh reality of prejudice and these problems soon take their toll on her. These pressures continue with her living a life in a prestigious private school, battling to balance herself in a middle class life. Josies aspirations reach much farther than that of her families ambitions for her life. It is at this point in time where a classic example of culture clash begins. Josie feels the need to rebel against the stereo-typical female in an Italian culture. This determination stems from her education and desire to step away from her Italian life and responsibilities, breaking away not only from her family and their narrow mindedness but also the entire Italian culture. This is a major leap for Josie who aspires to be the first Alibrandi female to take control of her life. This motivation of freedom is strong in Josie and her rebellious ways demonstrate this. Christina is the result of the Italian culture and the clash it has with the Australian identity. From the time she was thrown out of home at 17, Nonna has always blamed Christina for Josies birth. Up until Francesscas death, Nonna was forbidden to have any contact with her daughter. this exemplifies the authority an Italian male can exert on the women in his family. Josie would have seen this and blinded with her motivation from her Australian identity could not stand for such a culture. It was not until Francesscas death that Nonna could be reunited with her daughter and grand daughter. Josies father has had very little immediate impact on her life thus far. When her father did arrive in back in Sydney Josie is naturally angry at him. This is a totally acceptable form of behaviour considering the circumstance, but her anger not only stems from her own personal experience. Josie had to grow up knowing that her father had abandoned her and her mother, pushing her Christina into being a single parent bringing up her child alone. Because of this humiliating fact Christina and her daughter were outcast from the Italian community. Her hatred also delved into the way the Italian community treated Christina and Josie through gossip and intentional humiliation of the family. Even though Josie rebels against her father initially, she eventually begins to grow closer to him. This initial bonding occurs when Josie needed her dad, when she broke Ivys nose. This allowed for some trust to be restored between her and her father, making their relationship stronger and giving them a new start. Second site: Josie is very rebellious to the Italian way of life, which has a lot to do with Nonna and her constant remarks such as you brake my heart and i deserve respect. She also hates the fact that nonnas friends are always reporting things that she does. She undervalues Jossie as a person by not allowing her to sit in the lounge room with the air conditioning, as this is for visitors only. She is also blames by her mum for anything that jossie does such as yous let her go out like a gypsy. When she finds out that christina is not Francesas daughter but also a bastard, she confronts nonna and is very angry because she feels the hypocrisy in her argument. Â  Its not until nonna explains her situation and the hardships she has endured in her that she begins to understand nonna and have some compassion for her; she begins to understand the Italian family life. Nonna also starts to compromise her attitude to Jossie and begins to accept some of the Australian ways of life. Josies life has many prominent issues relating to multicultural Australia today. The prejudice and need to be normal in any minority society is tremendous and this book covers that issue very intensely. But there is also a lot more to this novel than simple bigotry. Looking for Alibrandi also attacks very important issues at the foundation of the Australian culture. These range from teenage pregnancy to the social hierarchy at a private school. All these issues are entwined to create a very revealing book about all aspects of Australian life, not necessarily from a purely Australian view. http://wwwfp.education.tas.gov.au/english/alibrandi.htm

Wednesday, November 13, 2019

Hiring In-Laws: A Bad Idea :: GCSE Business Marketing Coursework

Hiring In-Laws: A Bad Idea Many successful small businesses have been ruined by bringing in-laws in to the family business. As these in-laws struggle to establish a voice in the company, meaning well, they often wind up destroying them. As the owner of the family business, it is your job to avoid situations that could hurt or hinder your business. In this case you should assume a few often overlooked points:  When approaching your business, never think of it in terms of one happy family.  Never assume that in-laws will be grateful to benefit from the opportunities the business offers. Rather, they often feel guilty and incompetent thinking they would have never gotten the job if they weren't family.  Even in-laws with terrific ideas for the company will disrupt the business, the family, or both.  In-laws will struggle from day one to try to prove themselves to you. Even at family outings they will often engage in business talk to promote their worthiness and creativity. The O'Shea Family Business To further illustrate the risks of hiring in-laws into a business we will use a real life example, the O’Shea family. The O’Shea family business was fairly simple. They owned a clothing manufacturing company that made camouflage apparel. They were contracted suppliers of clothing to the military since the business opened its doors during World War II. Daniel O'Shea, the company president, was earning a "comfortable living" in 1970 when began making plans to select his successor. His two daughters had no interest in the day-to-day operations of the company. As a result his decision to choose his son, a levelheaded recent M.B.A., was easy. His name was Sean. Sean knew the business very well, and the company grew from his good business sense. He was young and energetic, helping the company to increase profits almost 50% in his first 2 years while at the helm. This meant bigger monthly checks for the family members, and no one argued against that. The business be gan to grow and so did the need for personnel. Sean made a big mistake only 5 years into his career. With the insistence of one of his sisters, he hired an in-law. It was against his better judgement, but he figured he could place him in a job were the family ties would not cause any problems.

Sunday, November 10, 2019

Mw Petroleum

Discounted Cash Flow Valuation of Aggregate Reserves Discounted Cash Flow Valuation – Proved Developed Reserves Discounted Cash Flow Valuation – Proved Undeveloped Reserves Discounted Cash Flow Valuation – Probable Reserves Discounted Cash Flow Valuation – Possible Reserves Question 3 To value MW Petroleum we would consider the assets in place and the option bearing assets discretely. The assets in place consist of the proved developed reserves since they are already producing a determinable quantity of oil and natural gas, as well as the non-producing assets as if developed immediately (valued as the NPV of free cash flows). The expenditures associated with the proved developed reserves are also known with some certainty since they consist primarily of maintenance and replacement costs that follow experience based norms. The NPV is subject to commodity price risk due to volatility in oil and gas prices, as well as uncertainty regarding the discount rate. The options consist of the delay in developing proved undeveloped, probable and possible reserves. In the case of these assets, significant development costs must be incurred to monetize the reserves. In the case of the probable and possible reserves, the estimated cash flows are already risk weighted to account for the uncertainty in producible reserves. The options on these reserves are timing options. By incorporating volatility in commodity prices over time, Apache can value the ability to postpone capital expenditures to develop the reserves until volatility in commodity prices returns to historical levels. It is important that Apache have some level of certainty regarding minimum likely commodity prices over time since these are long-lived projects. These options yield a higher value than the DCF valuation (of the aggregate cash flows). Since we are considering these reserves as potential projects in years five through seven, we use the Black-Scholes model to value the options. The option values are inclusive of the project, i. e. not just the option alone. Question 4: The assets underlying the options are quite risky as demonstrated by the rising volatility presented in the case. Since Apache was primarily concerned with the oil assets, we used the highest recent oil price volatility of 50%. Since volatility is such a driver of option value, we also performed a sensitivity analysis to evaluate how the projects plus options would be valued at different revenue levels as well as with differing volatility. Question 5 Based on the value of all the call options derived in question 4, if the sale goes through then Apache Corporation would not exercise any of the options early. In doing so, they would incur significant financial hardship while bearing the risk of highly volatile underlying assets. Given the potential financial strain of this acquisition, as incorporated by the cost of capital, Apache would benefit from observing prices develop over time. Our answer is based on the volatility which is assumed at 50%. Based on the sensitivity analysis it does not appear Apache would attempt to develop the possible reserves within the 5-7 year timeframe.

Friday, November 8, 2019

Marketing Orientation Essays

Marketing Orientation Essays Marketing Orientation Paper Marketing Orientation Paper Essay Topic: Marketing This assignment is to show what is meant by marketing orientation. I will also give examples of marketing oriented companies. According to Wikipedia.org marketing oriented firm (marketing orientation) is one that allows the needs and wants of customers and possible customers to push all the firms long-term crucial decisions. The firms corporate culture is systematically committed to creating customer value. Marketing orientation is one of different types of business orientations. It is superior to other forms of business thinking. To understand why marketing orientation is to be the best way of business approach, it is crucial to know how lower levels of business orientations have developed since the 19th century. (Lancaster and Reynolds 1995) Production orientation In the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, the primary purpose of all business and industrial activity was thought to be production. Firms concentrated on improving production efficiency in an attempt to bring down the costs. Generally, companies produced whatever they could produce well, expecting effective demand for their goods and services to present itself automatically. An understanding of customers requirements was of secondary importance. (Lancaster and Reynolds 1995) The economic recession in the 1920s and 1930s brought business to the point where warehouses were full of unsold goods. Thousands of bankrupt businesses occurred. That made business people to concentrate their minds on finding out how to improve their sales volume. (Wikipedia.org 2001) Sales orientation Gradually business people understood and appreciated that in order to make profit it was something more than just to produce goods. The goods also had to be sold. The sales concept stated that effective demand had to be created through the art of persuasion using sales techniques. The sales department was thought to hold the key to the firms prosperity and survival. Scant attention was paid to the genuine needs and requirements of the final consumer, but at least it was understood that goods and services did not necessarily sell themselves. (Lancaster and Reynolds 1995) Marketing oriented The concept of marketing orientation was developed in the late 1960s and early 1970s at Harvard University. It replaced the previous sales orientation that was prevalent between the mid 1950s and the early 1970s (Wikipedia.org 2001) The marketing concept holds that achieving organizational goals depends on determining the needs and wants of target markets (customers) and delivering the desired satisfactions more effectively and efficiently than competitors do. (Kotler et al. 2005) Peter Drucker stated: Because the purpose of business is to create and keep customers, it has only two central functions- marketing and innovation. The basic function of marketing is to attract and retain customers at a profit (Jobber 2004) It is true because firm which does not keep developing its products and services is likely to start loosing customers (and profit as well) for its competitors or even struggle to keep its position on that particular market place. How customers needs and wants can be recognized? Marketing uses its tools to achieve that. Firstly, the market needs researching to acquire information with helping management team to make best decisions on (marketing mix): which product to make or modify; what type of communication with customers to choose in order to give them the most clarified view on the product (promotion, exhibition, advertising, personal selling, sponsorship); price research to better establish the price of product or service in the market place; corporate plan to better allocate duties and responsibilities through single company units; distribution research to effectively monitor different types of distribution channels and detect any regional variation; Secondly, from the total market of product or service is being broken into distinct subgroups or segments. Each segment may conceivably represent a distinct target market to be reached with a distinct marketing mix (Product, Price, Promotion, Place). (Lancaster and Reynolds 1995) How does marketing communication build and maintain strong brand? The challenge for a lot of companies nowadays is to adapt their traditional functions and operations to the new world. They have to integrate marketing. Today, it is important to build a relationship with the customers. This is the key to finding, developing and having loyal customers, so marketing communication has got an important role. Global organisations have to organize around customers and prospects. They do not only have to organize their operations and activities around products and services. Customers have more influence than ever before. They have access to more products, channels to buy and they have more sources of information. Companies have to communicate about their products or services because of the competition. Brands have to be unique and be different to the others to maintain a competitive advantage over the increasing competition. It is important to inform people about the new products, the change of them, the politics of the company. Examples of successful marketing oriented firms and products Nokia is winning the phone war. The company started its business near Nokia River in Finland in 1865 as a timber business. It was for decades a solid, industrial company, selling even until the 1970s products ranging from toilet paper to rubber boots. It bought into the telephones business some 30 years ago to gain a slice of the promising technology markets, and follow the then fashionable trend for diversification. A decade later, after Ericsson installed a cellular network, Nokia, as an expert in radio telephones, stepped in to provide handsets. And when the collapse of the Soviet Union in the 1990s deprived Nokias traditional operations of important customers, the firm looked to its promising mobile phone unit for redemption. The strategy worked. In 1998, Nokia overtook Motorola to become the worlds biggest manufacturer of mobile phones and could be reasonably described as the Abba of Finland, accounting for one fifth of the countrys exports. (BBC.co.uk 2001) What made Nokia to had its 35% market share in 2001 is that they develop and manufacture their phones with user friendly simplicity, keeping the design on the top trendy fashions. For its awards winning products all over the business world is also responsible great knowledge how to use the marketing tools. These are Pull versus Push Strategies- by increasing its brand loyalty in past few years, Nokia has become more of a pull brand. Customers have started going to Nokia showrooms and asking for latest handsets. Nokias communication strategy is planned as the sole activity of media-mix, structured by offline, online and below the line programs. Nokias marketing plan is mainly based on two essential elements: the rank of products and the needs of customers, belonging to the same category. (Nitin Kochhar, 2006) In summary Nokia with its management decisions is now successfully providing market with third generation mobile phones, not forgetting to intensively develop and implement new technologies. That makes firm to keep their customers satisfied at all times. Unilever was arguably the worlds first packaged goods manufacturer, and is still one of its biggest companies. Meeting the everyday needs of people everywhere is how the group describes itself. It is the world number 1 in personal wash, prestige fragrances and deodorants, with brands including Dove, Omo and Axe/Lynx. Following a series of high-profile acquisitions, including US-based Bestfoods, Unilevers foods business is the worlds third largest after Nestle and Kraft. It is a global leader in culinary foods, ice cream, margarine and tea-based beverages. Brands include Knorr, Lipton and Magnum. Vitality is at the heart of Unilever. Our mission is to meet everyday needs for nutrition, home hygiene and personal care with brands that help people feel good, look good and get more out of life. And every day, around the world, 150 million people in over 150 countries choose our products for the vitality benefits they bring. (www.unilever.co.uk 2006) Dove is one of the fastest-growing products on the market. Silvia Lagnado, group vice-president at London-based Unilever: Unilever is a strongly marketing-oriented company. When I ran the Dove brand for Unilever, we developed a vision that had to do with helping women feel beautiful. Core to our vision was widening the definition of feminine beauty and challenging stereotypes about what beauty looks like. We wanted to position the Dove brand as a way to help women feel greater self-esteem and appreciate the diversity of beauty. We spent a lot of time and effort on research and on talking with sociologists about girls and womens body image. (www.marketingprofs.com 2006) Packard Bell For over a decade Packard Bell has been striving to bring the advantages of technology to life for its millions of customers worldwide. Packard Bell pioneered the use of the PC in the home, taking an unfriendly but useful office tool and turning it into a friendly, indispensable feature of todays modern home. Today it is bringing its experience to bear on the home electronics market, and setting precedents in the process. Today Packard Bell is number three in the European PC consumer market (all form factors) and in the top three in the regions main markets, including the UK, France, Spain, Italy, the Netherlands and Belgium. Packard Bells business model is built on optimising each step of the value chain. Its closeness to the market space enables it to anticipate customer needs, design appealing products, manage complexity and integrate services and products. Its supply chain and manufacturing base means Packard Bells can bring the right products to market quickly at the right price. The success of the Packard Bell brand has always depended on their ability to stay in tune and in touch with their customers, its unique relationship with Europes leading retailers makes it possible for customers to buy a trusted brand conveniently from a store they trust. (www.packardbell.com 2006) Example of unsuccessful marketing oriented company British Gas has around 11m gas customers and 6m electricity customers and is the largest domestic energy supplier in the UK. The Academy of Customer Excellence was created in 2004 to bring together each of our site based customer service training teams into one. Customer service is a key differentiator within the competitive market place that we are a part of and this new academy is helping us to perform in this environment by supporting our drive to put the customer at the heart of everything we do. ( www.britishgasnews.co.uk 2006) British Gas generates more complaints from householders than all the other domestic suppliers put together, according to new figures. Energywatch received more than 15,400 complaints about British Gas in the six months to September! That figure has more than doubled compared to the same time last year, the gas and electricity watchdog said. By contrast, energywatch received fewer customer complaints about the five other major domestic energy suppliers over the same period. Inaccurate billing is the biggest problem for British Gas customers, energywatch said. A lack of response to customer enquiries was another source of complaints from British Gas customers. Energywatch has contacted the energy regulator Ofgem outlining its concerns about British Gas. (www.thisislondon.co.uk 2006) Some opinions people say about British Gas customer service that it has rude staff- very unhelpful, unreliable, give false information as do not really know what to say, untrained, do not communicate with each other. It is lower than incompetent, it is dishonest and does not care one bit about its customers. In conclusion, no company that treats its customers this badly should be in business. Even my family and I have a bad experience with this firm. Once we moved to our new house and rang them up for arranging delivery of gas meter card (top-up card) they left us without any answer for four weeks. After four weeks waiting for delivery I rang them up once again to ask when was my card sent and they did not know what I was talking about! Same day I switched my energy supplier to one of their competing company. Conclusion Todays world of business is very differentiated by the meaning of its markets and customers. Nevertheless, every consumer expects highest quality products and services, designed and delivered every time it is demanded by him. If there is company not realizing this simple need, because non-marketing orientation, there will be dozens more other firms instantly competing to cover its place on the market. Future of innovation and well-being of companies is in hands of their exacting customers.

Wednesday, November 6, 2019

Tools of the Old and New Stone Age essays

Tools of the Old and New Stone Age essays Tools of the Old and New Stone Age is a book written by Jacques Bordaz, the Associate Professor of Anthropology at the University of Montreal. The book generally concerns itself with the uses of ancient tools, as well as the manufacturing of these tools. The book is full of information, almost to a point were the reader will feel bogged down with facts as they read. Very early people who studied the tools, of the Stone Age, first had the bizarre belief that these tools were created by lightning strikes. Many claimed they found such tools at exact locations were lightning did strike. The tools became known as Thunderstones. Later, early scholars renamed them ceraunias from the Greek word, keraunos, meaning thunderbolt. Of course new evidence has all but vanquished these beliefs. The period of time this book is concerned with is the, what geologists call the Quaternary period. It is broken down into the Pleistocene, and Holocene. Archaeologists classify these periods into the Paleolithic (Old Stone Age), Mesolithic (Middle Stone Age), and the Neolithic (New Stone Age). The main focus being on the Paleolithic is again broken down into lower, middle, and upper periods. Each one of these divisions is characterized by major types of tool-flaking techniques. The tools of the Stone Age consisted of not just stone, but also bone, antler, and wood. Bone and antler were a harder material to work with; they often did not use much detail when shaping tools out of these materials. They were generally roughly shaped, or often times, there was no modification used, especially with sharp-pointed antlers, which made great weapons. The first ability for man to actually construct tools looks at Bipedalism, which is the ability to walk upright. This freed the upper limbs from the work of locomotion, leaving only the lower limbs for this. With the ability to walk on solely the lower limbs, it left the up...

Sunday, November 3, 2019

UV Index Forecast Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

UV Index Forecast - Essay Example There are five categories for UV index, level 1-2 (low--can safely enjoy being outside), level 3-5 (moderate--take precautions by wearing a hat and sunscreen SPF+15; seek shade during midday hours), level 6-7 (high--protection against sun damage is needed; use sunscreen SPF+15; wear long sleeves and pants where applicable), level 8-10 (very high--protection against sun damage needed; try not to be outside between 10am-4pm; shirt, hat sunscreen are a must; seek shade) and level 11+ (extreme--same as very high category). The UV Index is a next day forecast of the amount of skin damaging UV radiation expected to reach the earth’s surface at the time when the sun is highest in the sky (solar noon). The amount of UV radiation reaching the surface is primarily related to the elevation of the sun in the sky, the amount of ozone in the atmosphere, and the amount of clouds present. The UV Index can range from 0 (night time) to 15 or 16 (in the tropics under high elevations with a clear sky). The higher the UV Index, the greater the dose rate of skin damaging and eye damaging UV radiation. The higher the UV Index, the smaller the time it takes before skin damage occurs. Ultraviolet (UV) radiation is a specific part of the sun’s entire spectrum of wavelengths. UV-C spectrum is entirely absorbed by atmospheric ozone adn does not reach the earth’s surface. UV-B is mostly absorbed by the ozone, but can affect plants and animals, and affects humans by reddening of the skin, and possible development of skin cancer. UV-A radiation is needed by humans for the synthesis of Vitamin-, but too much UV-A causes toughening of the skin and other irritations. The variation throughout the day of UV radiation is much like that of visible light. The UV Index is a forecast of the probable intensity of skin damaging ultraviolet radiation reaching the surface during the solar noon hour (11:30-12:30 local time).

Friday, November 1, 2019

The role of salt marshes in the coastal system Essay

The role of salt marshes in the coastal system - Essay Example Since salt marshes are shallow areas, the plants that exist in salt marshes are those that can adapt to the tidal changes in the volume of water. The water waves that make it to the salt marshes carry with them tons of organic material which accumulate overtime to form peat. There are many varieties of salt marshes namely: low marsh, high marsh, panes and pools and upland border. Apart from providing thick vegetation, salt marshes are also amongst the most productive ecosystems in the world (New Hampshire Department of Environmental Services, 2004). Role of Salt Marshes in the Coastal System: Salt marshes are sometimes referred to as tidal marshes, the reason being that salt marshes are found in zones between high and low tide. Salt marshes thrive well along the coastal areas because the vegetation is not sturdy enough to withstand strong waves, therefore towards the coastal areas, where the intensity of the waves is reduced to quite an extent, salt marshes thrive (Casagrande, 1997). Salt marshes serve many purposes, namely; they cleanse pollutants from marine water, provide a habitat to many marine species, provide a barrier against soil erosion, provide a source of refuge for the vulnerable marine species, salt marshes are rich in organic matter therefore they form a food chain for the marine life and also provide good nutrient value for the vegetation in the salt marshes (Department of Environmental Protection: Florida Marine Reseach Institute, 2010). Let us throw some light on the varied roles of salt marshes: Remove Pollutants from the Water Since the speed of the waves reduces considerably by the time they reach salt marshes, many suspended particles that are otherwise carried away by the waves throughout the sea, tend to settle. These suspended particles sometimes comprise of toxic nutrients from human activities, thus by allowing them to settle the salt marshes play a key role in cleansing the water of toxic sediments. The thick vegetation helps in slow ing down the waves which in turn causes the particles to settle. Furthermore, during the months of summer and spring the salt marshes’ plants take up the nutrients which if left in the water, would turn into algae, further polluting the water by causing â€Å"Eutrophication† and thus depleting the oxygen supply of the water (Cloern, 2007). The toxic contaminants which are settled by the salt marshes form peat which results in the removal of these toxic substances from the marine food web. Moreover, the microbes present in the salt marshes tend to remove nitrogen from the ecosystem (Edwards, 2010). This is beneficial even to the surrounding eelgrass. The reason behind this is that the existence of high levels of nitrogen encourages the growth of phytoplankton. Phytoplankton refers to microscopic organisms that live in water (Lindsey, 2010). This phytoplankton, when in excess blocks the sunlight which is needed for eelgrass to thrive. Therefore, the presence of salt mars hes also benefits eelgrass. Harbour Marine Food Chains The excessive nutrients found in the salt marshes form food chains for marine species. Primarily, the plant matter that partially decays in the salt marshes forms a good source of food for marine species in the deeper waters. This decayed vegetation is taken away by the tidal waves into the ocean where it becomes the food of many marine animals. A two way process runs between aquatic

Wednesday, October 30, 2019

Vietnam and War Aftermaths Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Vietnam and War Aftermaths - Essay Example Therefore, increased population in the country has increased pressure on the existing social amenities such as schools and hospitals. In addition, the infrastructure of the country is also under pressure since little has been done to improve its status despite being destroyed during the war period. In addition to the challenges caused by the rapid increase in population, poverty levels of people living in Vietnam make me hate the system of government operating there. In the mid- 1980s and early 1990s, a majority of people living in Vietnam were living in deplorable conditions due to the high levels of poverty in the country. However, it is also good to note that the government took an initiative to correct the situation by initiating systematic strategies. This has brought some changes as reported by the United Nations Human Development Report’ in 2003 which indicated that the poverty levels in Vietnam had greatly reduced. But the situation is still not very stable as many people living in the poverty prone rural areas migrate to town in search of better living conditions. Further, this has led to the famous rural-urban migration resulting to the population explosion in towns. On the other hand, I am worried about the environmental situation of the country. The pollution levels in the country are high causing the negative impact on several areas in the country and of much concern, the agricultural sector. To begin with, deforestation practices are much rampant in the country resulting from forest destruction for use of wood as a source of fuel. In addition, due to the dilapidated infrastructure, the sewer systems in town have fallen out of control and end up in lakes and rivers without being treated. This causes serious health risks to people depending on the water sources in addition to destroying the flora and fauna existing in the lakes and river. Further, the industrial wastes are far above the recommended limits resulting to further destruction of the ecosystem.  

Monday, October 28, 2019

How Soccer Could Positively Affect America Essay Example for Free

How Soccer Could Positively Affect America Essay There is a sport out there that people can put aside their problems, hatred, and differences and instead put in all their passion and love for the sport on the field. This sport has changed the world in many ways and has now become more than a sport. It has become an instrument of peace, unity, and business. It has brought many positive cultural, business, and economic effects in this world. It’s the beautiful sport of soccer; the universal language of the world. Soccer reduces gang related violence and has become a tool of peace. Soccer for Peace is a non-profit organization aiming to unite children of war-torn nations in their shared love of soccer (Soccer for Peace). It was founded by a German graduate student Jurgen Griesbeck in 1996 and it is one of the most successful anti-violence organizations in war-torn cities (Lawrence). Originally conceived as a one-time fundraiser, benefiting the youth soccer team of Israel’s only Jewish-Muslim-Christian village, Neve Shalom/Wahat al-Salam, Soccer for Peace has since become an ongoing peace-building effort (Soccer for Peace). One of the places where one can observe the positive impact the Soccer for Peace organization has brought to is in Medellin, Colombia, South America. Soccer for Peace arrived in Medellin in 1996. Soccer for Peace is one of the most successful anti-violence organizations in this war-torn city of 1. 5 million, which suffers nearly 5,000 murders each year. Young players, who are or used to be part of a gang, meet every Sunday in San Blas, one of Medellin’s hillside slums. About 300 teams in Medellin wear Soccer for Peace uniforms, and each weekend there are 60 games. In Medellin, where gang rivalries pushed young people apart, most could still agree on only one thing, their love for soccer. Griesbeck says that before he here came to Medellin, he never would have thought of soccer as a tool for peace, but he says that for Medellin it is obvious (Lawrence).

Saturday, October 26, 2019

The Consequences of Epilepsy Essay -- Epileptic Epilepsy Seizures Essa

The Consequences of Epilepsy Epilepsy: Any of various neurological disorders characterized by sudden recurring attacks of motor, sensory, or psychic malfunction with or without loss of consciousness or convulsive seizures (1). Is epilepsy a purely physical phenomenon? The question is a complicated one. Put simply, the answer should be yes. The psychological trauma sometimes caused by the seizures, however, makes the answer more complex, along with a more troubling trend. In years past epileptics were classed among the mentally ill, and received the same maltreatment as did that unfortunate group of people. Before that they were perceived as having been possessed by evil spirits. But now, in the modern world, we are free of those ignorant superstitions. Aren't we? Scientifically, epilepsy is the term under which many seizure disorders are grouped. There are four basic types of seizures: petit mal, tonic-clonic (grand mal), simple partial, and complex partial (2). While petit mal seizures consist merely of a short period of immobility and blank staring, occasionally accompanied by brief loss of awareness, tonic-clonic seizures are much more dramatic (2). Also called grand mal seizures, they involve whole-body muscle contractions, loss of consciousness, temporary cessation of breathing, and involuntary biting of the tongue or cheek (2). The simple and complex partial seizures are calmer; the simple includes muscle contractions of a specific part, abnormal sensations, nausea, sweating, flushed skin, and dilated pupils. The complex partial seizure consists of all these symptoms as well as automatism (repeated motions), inappropriate emotions, changes in personality, altered consciousness, and hallucinations o... ...ation, a page discussing the civil rights arguments put forth by various groups of people with epilepsy http://www.epilepsyfoundation.org/advocacy/rights/disability.html?print=yes 9)The Epilepsy Foundation, a page dealing with the secondary problems caused by epilepsy http://www.epilepsyfoundation.org/answerplace/living/coping.html?print=yes 10)The World Health Organization, a webpage detailing the struggles of people with epilepsy in developing countries http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/en/ 11)The Epilepsy Foundation, a page discussing the impact of epilepsy on the mental health of the patient in both a short-term and long-term context http://www.epilepsyfoundation.org/clinicalcare/treatment/mentalhealth2.html 12)The Epilepsy Foundation, an article discussing epilepsy as a cause of death http://www.epilepsyfoundation.org/epusa/silent.html

Thursday, October 24, 2019

Rebuilding the Government: United States History Essay

Critical Essay One Gettysburg Address by Abraham Lincoln Abraham Lincoln, the sixteenth president, was one of the most decorated commander-in-chiefs in American History, due to his never-ending push to mend our broken nation and move to the beginning. Nevertheless, many African Americans were forced to come to America to be sold into slavery in 1619. While the treatment of slaves was very unfair and, in many cases, inhumane, and was plagued with a lifetime of hard work and humiliation, after a little more than a hundred years President Lincoln took steps to not only voice his discomfort with slavery, but to do something about it. It is because of this discomfort that Abraham Lincoln notably became known as political fgure that to end slavery. Four months after the bloody Battle of Gettysburg, Abraham Lincoln gave a speech that would go down in history as one of the most influential speeches in American Historyl . The famous speech given by President Lincoln, the â€Å"Gettysburg Address,† had a specific purpose. It also allowed Lincoln to have a profound effect on the American people as a whole, as well s urge each American to look at themselves critically and promote change. Because of this accomplishment, and many more, Abraham Lincoln is regarded as one of America’s best presidents2. An Analysis â€Å"Gettysburg Address† President Abraham Lincoln gave the speech, â€Å"the Gettysburg Address†, on November 19 1863 at the Soldiers National Cemetery in burg, Pennsylvania3 . There were two main purposes for him writing this speech: to consecrate the cemetery at Gettysburg and start to rebuild a torn country4. Although President Lincoln’s speech was very short, sweet, and straight to the point, it was full of vital information that ould begin to reshape the American society. Lincoln starts his speech in a very unique by using the term â€Å"Four score and seven years ago, our founding fathers brought forth this continent†¦ † 5. Lincoln acknowledges the founding fathers that had discovered America eighty-seven years prior to the day he gave the speech. Due to Lincoln’s wording, this phrase became one of the most well-known and celebrated parts of â€Å"the Gettysburg Address† Although Lincoln does not make a direct statement encouraging his audience to believe that he was talking about slavery, hrough the use of context clues, one can derive that this topic was definitely heavy on his heart while making his speech. Furthermore, one could argue that since slaves were not treated equally, Lincoln used the statement of supposed American equality to remind Americans of the true foundations that America was built upon. As Lincoln continues with his speech, he began to move on to the second reason for the speech: consecrating the cemetery at Gettysburg. He accomplished this by talking about how the battlegrounds at Gettysburg should be in honor of the thousands that had lost heir lives for the citizens of America. Dedicating the battlegrounds to those that lose their lives was the start of how America would honor troops the fallen and the soldiers left behind. This was a sign of respect and appreciation for all of the troops that fought during this battle. One last profound statement that Lincoln mentions in his speech is that â€Å"the government of the people, by the people and for the people†¦. 7† Many presidents after Lincoln have quoted this part of â€Å"the Gettysburg Address,† but have fallen short, in some instances, of taking the statement as a blueprint for heir presidency and using it to help them facilitate a more well-rounded country in which the government and the people of the country are on one accord. However, the statement was supposed to suggest that the government is a group of individuals that will stand by the American people and work for them for the better good of the country. While the speech had many technical terms and references to the government and political leaders of the country, Lincoln was actually trying to reach a very diverse audience that spanned from governmental figures, to surviving soldiers, to the general American public. Abraham Lincoln will forever be embedded in history for delivering a presidency filled with work that was geared towards the best interest of the American people. Lincoln took the seat at a very difficult time in America’s early history, which was the Civil War. Lincoln made sure that after the war, that America rebuilds itself. One thing from Lincoln’s iconic speech that is not forgotten is â€Å"all men are created equal†. In todays society, all people are granted the same freedoms and equalities. It could be said that Lincolns speech though was given in 1863 was the start of the Civil Rights movement in a sense. Even though it was only around 270 words, The Gettysburg Address was a speech with many messages8. These powerful words, spoken by an influential president, was sure to promote change and equality throughout America eventually. Critical Essay 2 â€Å"l Have a Dream Speech† by Martin Luther King There has been many influential figures in American History that have provided the American people with promising messages of hope and equality for all people. One of the most influential fgures of the twenty century was Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. This time period was marked by the Civil Rights Movement, which was a movement hat prompted a group of individuals to fght for the equality of African Americans. This is because â€Å"African Americans were granted better economic status after World War II but were still a disadvantaged group†. Dr. King started his non-violence approach to civil rights by first leading the Montgomery Bus Boycott. The purpose of the boycotts was to allow seating to be based on a â€Å"first come, first serve basis,† as advocated by Dr. King. Fueled by the Montgomery Bus Boycott, Rosa Parks refusal to give up her seat to a Caucasian passenger resulted in her arrest. After her arrest, the ourt ruled out the fact that segregated seating was not lawful according to the constitution. The next step that King took was founding the Southern Christian Leadership, which worked to stop segregation. One of Dr. Kings â€Å"ultimate goals were to unite the broken communities through bonds of Christian love. † In 1963, Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. graced America with a speech that expressed a profound optimism of equality for all individuals in America and his own dreams and hopes for better days. The speech was entitled â€Å"l Have a Dream†. His speech changed the face of America orever, even though equality for African Americans did not occur over night. It is important to consider the message with respect to the time period in which the speech is given. Dr. King hoped for a better society as a whole; His speech was not solely in regards to the equality for African Americans, he wanted equality for all Americans in general. Analysis: â€Å"l have A Dream Speech† by Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. On August 28, 1963, Martin Luther King Jr. ‘s speech entitled † I nave a Dream† was given in Washington DC at the Lincoln Memorial. King starts his introduction by eferring back to Abraham Lincoln’s Gettysburgs Address â€Å"Five score years ago, a great American, in whose symbolic shadow as we stand today, signed the Emancipation Proclamation. 10 King refers to Abraham Lincoln’s Emancipation Proclamation because it helped free slaves. However, he called out the fallacies in Lincoln’s speech by making note of the fact that Negroes still were not free, one hundred years after slavery had officially ended. ll During this time period, African Americans’ oppression came in the form of segregation and discrimination. Before delving into the heart of his speech, King mentions how the government had failed he African American population by pacifying them false promises and policies after the abolishment of slavery. King states, â€Å"America has given the Negro people a bad check; a check which has come back marked â€Å"insufficient funds. â€Å"12 This means, America did not grant Negros with the same equality and opportunities as Caucasians, or any other race during this time. Although the government policies banned slavery and poor treatment of African Americans, these policies had also failed the African American population by not making sure that the policies were strictly enforced. In his speech, King answers the critics when they asked, â€Å"When will ou be satisfied? 13 King gives a comprehensive list of things that would satisfy African Americans, as a whole. He mentions police brutalities and the unfair economic statutes of African Americans. King wanted to instill into the minds of the African American people that they should not be satisfied with these injustices, but fght against them in a non-violent way. Before King began to conduct the â€Å"l have a Dream† portion of his speech he ensured the African American people that their efforts had not taken place in vain and that they should not give up hope for better days! Dr. King began his speech by telling his audience that his dream is deeply rooted in the sought-after American Dream14. King mentions this because he wants America’s people to believe the vales, morals, and core roots on which America was established. It was important to him to continuously advocate his never-ending hope that African Americans would obtain the American Dream, Just as other American citizens of other races had done. In his speech, Dr. King mentions how all men are created equal and how the color of one’s skin should not factor into one’s ability to obtain equality. Martin Luther King Jr. phasizes that â€Å"one day little black and white children will Join hands and be as brothers and sistersl 5. † Although he refers to only two primary races, his words can be applied to children of all races. He references children because they are the future and ultimately look to them to become the generation of change. King recites the lyrics to â€Å"My c ountry Tis of Thee† because he wanted to clearly deliver the message that America is supposed to be a land of freedom and opportunities for all. By using one of America’s most prominent, national songs, King showcased that he had not lost faith in America as a whole.